Colon Cancer-What is colon cancer?
Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy in the colon area, 3 of the total gastrointestinal tract tumors.
Colon cancer is one of the common malignant tumors, the highest incidence of the age of 40 -50 age group. According to the World epidemiological survey found the highest incidence of colon cancer in North America, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, ranking visceral tumor two, but in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the incidence is very low.
Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy, and gastrointestinal cancer. The predilection sites of the rectum and the rectum and sigmoid colon at the junction, accounting for 60% incidence after 40 years of age, male to female ratio of 2:1.
Colon cancer - case classificationFigure colon cancer of colon cancer (including cancer) adenocarcinoma of the colon, the common malignant tumors in the intestine. The etiology is not yet clear, but the occurrence of this disease and multi-less fat and fiber diet, like adenomatous polyps, colon schistosomes, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, bacillary dysentery, amoebic bowel disease and other close Benbingfasheng related. About 40 percent of colon cancer located in the rectum and rectosigmoid song, the rest in the sigmoid colon, cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon and liver and splenic flexure, etc..Colon adenocarcinoma, the rest of mucinous adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, the general shape can be polypoid, ulcer type. Colon cancer can ring along the intestinal wall, spread or infiltration to the intestinal wall deep along the intestinal longitudinal diameter from top to bottom, in addition to lymphatic vessels, blood transfer and local invasion outside to intraperitoneal or along the suture, the incision surface diffusion. More common in middle-aged men, younger age, the incidence of adenomatous polyps.Divided into: (1) the right side of colon cancer: mainly for indigestion, fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, diarrhea alternating with constipation, bloating, abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, abdominal mass and progressive anemia. Depends on the site of the cancer, where the location of the abdominal mass, such as the blind colorectal cancer in the right lower quadrant, and the ascending colon in the right abdomen, the hepatic flexure of colon cancer in the right upper quadrant, transverse colon near the umbilical. In addition, fever, weight loss. Intestinal perforation in patients with advanced, the limitations of abscesses and other complications.(2) the left side of colon cancer: Due to the sigmoid colon most small intestine and rectum form an acute angle, and has formed a solid stool in the left colon, it is easy to form a narrow Usually presented with chronic intestinal obstruction, most patients with intractable over the secret, can also be increased frequency of defecation. As the obstruction mostly in the sigmoid colon, vomiting and mild or absent, and abdominal distention, abdominal pain, bowel and intestinal apparent. Cancer ulceration enable the fecal outside stained with blood or mucus, or pus discharge. Obstruction proximal intestine may be due to significant swelling lasting, ischemia and hypoxia and the formation of ulcers, and even cause perforation, in addition, can still occur within the intestinal massive bleeding and abdominal abscess formation.(3) rectal cancer: mainly increased stool frequency, stool thinner, with blood and mucus, with tenesmus or bowel clean feeling, when the cancer spread to the rectum surrounding the violation of the sacral plexus, there may be great pain. Such as cancer involving the prostate or bladder may be the symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, urination, and hematuria, can be formed leading to the bladder or female genital fistula. The cancer can also cause intestinal obstruction.
Colon cancer - morphological patternColon Figure 1, tumor type (cauliflower, soft cancer) tumor growth and to intraluminal tumor was hemispherical or spherical bulge, easy to ulceration and bleeding and secondary infection, necrosis. The higher the type the majority of differentiation, and invasive small, slow growth, occurs in the right colon.2, invasion (narrowing, hard cancer) tumor invasion around the intestinal wall, there is significant fibrous tissue reaction along the submucosal growth, hard, easy to cause intestinal stricture and obstruction. This type of cell differentiation is low, the high degree of malignancy appear early metastasis. Occurs beyond the large intestine of the right colon.3, ulcerated tumor invasion to the deep growth of the intestinal wall to the intestinal wall, the early stage of ulcers, marginal uplift, the bottom of the deep, and prone to bleeding, infection, and easily through the intestinal wall. Low degree of cell differentiation, early metastasis. Colon cancer the most common type, occurs in the left colon and rectum.Colon cancer - histological typeThe general classification of a colon cancer, the majority of colon adenocarcinoma adenocarcinoma, accounting for about three-quarters, identifiable adenocarcinoma cells arranged in tubular or alveolar, according to their degree of differentiation can be divided into three grade Ⅲ differentiation of the worst cell arrangement of the sheet or cable strip.2, mucinous carcinoma cancer cells secrete mucus, in the cell can be the nucleus pushed to one side (the shape of the ring, called a signet ring cell carcinoma), visible in the extracellular interstitial mucus and fibrous tissue response of cancer cells in the studio like island shaped like mucus. Differentiation is low, and I after the poor than adenocarcinoma.3, undifferentiated carcinoma cells small, irregular shape and arrangement, easy to invade the small blood vessels and lymphatic invasion significantly. The differentiation is very low, after the worst I.Clinical stagePhase Ⅰ (Dukes A): cancer confined to the intramuralA0 of: cancer confined to the mucosaA1 of: cancer confined to the submucosaA2: cancer invading the intestinal wall muscularis did not penetrate the serosaⅡ stage (Dukes B period): cancer invasion to the intestinal wallPhase Ⅲ (Dukes C stage): associated with lymph node metastasisC1 of: near the lymph node metastasis in the (intestinal next)C2: distant lymph node metastasis (mesangial)Ⅳ stage (Dukes D of): has been far from dirty transferDiffusion transfer1, the features of the proliferation of colorectal cancer are generally along the intestinal horizontal axis in a ring invasion, and deep intestinal development, generally not more than 10 cm along the longitudinal axis of the upper and lower diffusion is slow, involving the intestines. After cancer invading the serosa, often with the surrounding tissue, adjacent organs and peritoneal adhesions.2, colon cancer lymphatic metastasis lymph node metastasis in general in the following order from near and far spread, but also across the transfer of non-compliance order.(1) within the colon lymph node intestinal fat hanging.(2) paracolic lymph nodes near the colon wall mesorectal.(3) the perivascular mesangial vascular lymph nodes of mesocolon Central, also known as the middle of lymph node group.(4) the mesangial roots lymph mesocolon root.Cancer invade the intestinal wall muscularis increased the probability of lymph node metastasis, such as subserosal lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis have a greater chance.3, hematogenous metastasis of cancer cells or tumor thrombus child up to the liver along the portal venous system before and after to other organizations of the lung, brain, bone and other organs. Hematogenous metastasis cancer violation of capillaries, small veins, but there are also pressing the tumor due to the physical examination, surgical extrusion tumor due to the strong peristalsis or obstruction can be prompted cancer cells into the blood line., Invasion and planting cancer can directly invade the Run of the surrounding tissue and organs. Off the cancer cells in the intestine planting elsewhere mucosa, fall in the abdominal cavity was nodular or miliary, white or gray, hard, planting in the peritoneal metastases. Spread the whole abdominal cavity, can cause cancer, peritonitis, and ascites.
Colon cancer - the cause ofColon Figure Colon cancer is one of the common gastrointestinal malignancy. After the incidence of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Age, generally over the age of 50, more males than females, male to female ratio was 2:1. Causes of colon cancer is unclear, the main environmental factors, genetic factors, pre-cancerous disease and other diseases, a clear relationship .
Environmental factors of colon cancer incidence and lifestyle diet, especially diet. The high-fat diet and lack of dietary fiber is the leading cause of morbidity. High fat diet, particularly those containing saturated fatty acids can promote the synthesis of hepatic cholesterol and bile acids into the intestine to increase colonic bacterial action to make it into the cholesterol metabolites and sub-cholic acid, a carcinogenic role. Lack of food and food not absorbed cellulose lead to fecal longer residence time in the intestine, the role of the intestinal wall time, promote the intestinal absorption of carcinogens carcinogens in the stool. Performance of food cellulose absorb water can increase the amount of stool, so that the decline of the concentration of carcinogenic substances, time, reducing the duration of action of the intestinal carcinogen, and can absorb harmful substances stay in the gut, promote discharge , thereby reducing the incidence of colon cancer risk. Lack of dietary fiber is one of the risk factors that cause colon cancer.Continuous observation of the population of the Western lifestyle, such as high-calorie foods rich in animal fat and sedentary lifestyle, so that the increased incidence of colon cancer. Epidemiological studies suggest that eating meat, smoking and drinking are risk factors. Inverse correlation factors include eating vegetables, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, estrogen replacement therapy and physical exercise. Cellulose may have a protective effect, but has recently been questioned.
Second, genetic factors, genetic factors is one of the causes of colon cancer. Family history: a relatives too colorectal cancer, its next-generation in their lives this disease more than the general population. About 1 | 4 new cases have a family history of colorectal cancer.
, Inflammatory bowel disease suffering from ulcerative colitis patients have colon cancer than the average is much higher, more common in childhood incidence of lesions a wide range of longer duration in patients with cancer often occurs in flat mucosa. Proliferative lesions of inflammation in the development process, often may be associated with polyp formation, further development of colorectal cancer; Crohn's (Crohn's) disease, colon, rectal involvement can also cause cancer. The incidence of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is 30 times that of ordinary people.
Schistosomiasis, schistosome endemic areas and non-endemic area of colon cancer incidence and mortality are apparently different in the past that patients with chronic schistosomiasis, schistosome eggs deposited LPS due to the intestinal wall, leading to chronic ulceration of the mucosa, inflammatory polyps , and thus cause cancer. Speculate that schistosome eggs deposited in the colonic mucosa caused by chronic inflammation and polypoid hyperplasia, cancer hair incentives facing a view.
Five, the majority of colon polyps are small pre-cancerous lesion from the onset of a major cause of adverse polyps. Villous adenomatous polyps develop into cancer, cancer incidence was 25%; tubular adenomatous polyp was about 3%.6, the information reported incidence of cholecystectomy colon cancer is also increased, the scholars believe that the secondary bile acids into the intestine increase.
Colon cancer - clinical symptoms
The early symptoms of colon cancer body diagram: most early may have bloating, discomfort, indigestion-like symptoms, then a change in bowel habits, such as would an increase in diarrhea or constipation, it abdominal pain. The later can have a mucous or mucopurulent bloody stools.The symptoms of poisoning: tumor ulceration blood loss and the absorption of toxins, can often result in patients with anemia, fever, fatigue, weight loss, swelling and other performance, especially anemia, weight loss for.Obstruction performance: low to incomplete or complete intestinal obstruction symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain (pain or cramps), constipation, or will be closed. The examination shows abdominal lung, intestinal, local tenderness, bowel sounds can be heard and Kang strong.Abdominal mass: tumor or omentum, the surrounding tissue invasion bonded lumps, hard, physical, irregular, and some with bowel activity, late of tumor invasion and even more, the mass can be fixed .Late manifestations: liver metastases signs of jaundice, ascites, edema, and cachexia, anterior concave lumps, supraclavicular lymph nodes and tumor distant diffusion transfer performance. Left half and right colon swelling, due to both differences in the physiological, anatomical and pathological aspects of the clinical features behave differently. Right colon right colon intestine lenient, feces in the more dilute, the colonic blood supply and lymphatic absorption ability, cancer, soft cancer, easy to ulceration, necrosis, bleeding infection, so the clinical manifestations of symptoms of poisoning based. Sicker obstruction performance. The left colon cancer with the left half of the colon is relatively small intestine, feces have since viscous forming, and the Ministry invasion Run type cancer, the intestine often ring narrow, so the earlier onset of clinical symptoms of intestinal obstruction, and some even acute obstruction. Light, poisoning symptoms appear late.Colon cancer - diagnostic testsStarch can prevent colon cancer colon cancer early symptoms do not pay attention to the patient, medical treatment is also often deal with "dysentery, enteritis and other diseases, once the symptoms of poisoning or symptoms of obstruction and touch the abdominal mass has early, so If the patient has anemia, weight loss, positive fecal occult blood, and these early symptoms, the need for further examination.(A) X-ray examination of the whole gastrointestinal barium meal examination and barium enema. Colon cancer patients after appropriate. Lesions signs of initial wall stiffness, mucosal destruction, along with visible constant filling defects, intestinal stenosis. Smaller lesions discovery also the intestine by gas injection for double contrast barium gas angiography better.Patients with symptoms of bowel obstruction, not do the whole gastrointestinal barium meal examination, and discharge of the difficulties due to the dry barium in the colon, may aggravate the obstruction.(B) colonoscopySigmoidoscopy straight type, up to 30 cm, check under direct vision biopsy suitable for lesions of the sigmoid colon.The colonoscopy 120-180 cm long, can be bent, can observe the entire colon, for transurethral coagulation and biopsy, can be found in early lesions. The above check is difficult to pinpoint for this examination.(C) B-scan ultrasound, CT scan diagnosis of colon cancer, cancer location, size, and with the surrounding tissue, lymph nodes and liver metastases to determine a certain value.(D) of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on colon cancer specificity, the positive rate is not sure. High value often increases with tumor related to colon tumor after complete resection of more than a month to return to normal a few weeks before relapse can raise Therefore, to determine the prognostic significance.
Colon cancer - differential diagnosis(A) of the colon longer course of benign masses, mild symptoms, X-ray showed a partial filling defect, regular in shape, smooth surface, sharp edge, not narrow the intestine, uninvolved colon bags complete.(B) colitis disorders (including tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, granuloma, ulcerative colitis, dysentery, etc.), inflammatory bowel disease history to have their own characteristics, stool examination may have their special discovery such as eggs, phagocytic cells, dysentery can be cultured pathogens. X-ray lesions longer involved bowel cancer is rarely more than 10 cm. Colonoscopy and histological examination is different, can be further confirmed.(C) colon spasm: X-ray examination of the small pieces of intestine narrow, as refolding. Appendiceal abscess; abdominal mass, but the X-ray mass bit cecum, the patient has appendicitis history.
Colon cancer - self-diagnosisColon cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy accounting for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract 3. The predilection sites of the junction of the rectum and rectum and sigmoid colon, accounted for 65% incidence after 40 years of age, male to female ratio of 2-3:1.Colon cancer patients are mostly middle-aged, where the median age was 45 years old, about 5% of patients below the age of 30. The clinical manifestations of colon cancer varies with the position and the pathological type of lesion size. Many patients with early colon cancer may be no clinical symptoms, but with the course of development and increasing lesions, can produce a range of common symptoms of colon cancer, such as increased stool frequency, stool and mucus, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, intestinal obstruction, and systemic symptoms of fatigue, weight loss and anemia.Colon cancer early symptoms are mild or not obvious, patients are often ignored, may easily be missed. Therefore, middle-aged patients with the following performance should be vigilant, may consider whether the colon cancer:① stool thinning, or with blood and mucus;② in the near future appear to change in bowel habits (such as constipation, diarrhea or defecation), persistent abdominal discomfort, pain or bloating;(3) fecal occult blood test was persistently positive;④ abdominal palpable mass;The ⑤ unexplained anemia, fatigue, or weight loss.Above suspicious behavior, except for the further history taking and physical examination, the following system checks in order to confirm the diagnosis.
Colon cancer - surgical treatment
Underwent successful surgical resection of colon cancer resection surgery is still the main treatment method can be combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine, and other supportive care.(A) surgery1, the preoperative preparation outside addition to routine preoperative preparation, the colon surgery must be to do a bowel preparation including ① intestinal cleansing: surgery two days before into a small residue or residue-free diet; service laxatives 1-2 days before surgery, if constipation or incomplete bowel obstruction, where appropriate, a few days ahead of medication; cleansing enema, according to whether the defecation difficulties the day before surgery, or a few days. ② intestinal disinfection: to kill pathogens in the intestine, especially the common anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis, etc., as well as gram-negative aerobic bacilli. Drug former metronidazole (Flagyl), which can be used to sulfa drugs, neomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin neomycin, etc.. Bowel preparation for surgery can reduce pollution, reduce infection favorable healing.Some hospitals at home and abroad have taken the method of whole gut lavage bowel preparation by infusion or oral lavage fluid specially formulated by the tube (containing a certain concentration of electrolyte and intestinal disinfectant to maintain a certain osmotic pressure) The amount of 4-8 liters, squatting defecation device. Can be reached at the same time the purpose of intestinal cleansing and disinfection.2, the surgical methods(1) right hemicolectomy in the cecum, ascending colon and hepatic flexure of colon Ministry of cancer. Resection range: 15-20 cm of terminal ileum, cecum, ascending colon and transverse colon and right half, together with their department membrane and lymph node. Hepatic flexure of the cancer still need to cut the transverse colon and gastroepiploic most of the right artery group lymph nodes. The removal was made after back colonic anastomosis or end-to-side anastomosis (sutured colon ends).(2) left colon resection for descending colon and splenic flexure cancer. Resection: the left half of the transverse colon, descending colon, some or all of the sigmoid colon, together with their department membrane and lymph nodes. After resection of the colon and the colon or colon and rectal end to end anastomosis.(3) transverse colon resection for transverse colon cancer. Resection: the transverse colon and hepatic flexure of the splenic flexure. Removal made after l, descending colon anastomosis. Consistent tension is too large, can be added to do the right hemicolectomy for back colonic anastomosis.(4) sigmoid colon cancer radical resection according to the specific parts of cancer, in addition to resection of the sigmoid colon, or do the descending colon resection or part of the rectal excision. For colon colon or colorectal anastomosis.Sigmoid colon cancer resection(5) after the surgical principles of surgery with patients of intestinal obstruction before the bowel preparation, such as intestinal contents was significantly reduced, the patient's condition allows for a resection and anastomosis, but the surgery to take protective measures to minimize pollution. Such as the gut filling, patient, can be used for tumor proximal colostomy, to be the patient's condition improved after the line two radical resection.(6) can not make a wide range of radical mastectomy surgery principles of local tumor invasion or with the surrounding tissue and organs fixed can not be removed, if the bowel has been obstruction or may soon be the obstruction, the available tumor of the distal and proximal bypass operation can also be for colostomy. If distant organ metastasis and local tumor still allow removal of the available local palliative resection to relieve obstruction, chronic blood loss, infection, poisoning and other symptoms.Note 3 patients(1) exploring the tumor after open surgery should be light, do not squeeze.(2) removal of the first blocking tumor mesangial roots of blood vessels, to prevent the extrusion hematogenous metastasis. Free to the intestine by the mesangial root.(3) proposed to cut off the intestine at the cloth with a blocked intestine, reducing cancer metastasis within the intestine. Some have argued injected anti-cancer drugs in a blocked intestine, commonly 5 - fluorouracil 30 mg / kg body weight, and normal saline 50 ml dilution for 30 minutes after separation bowel.(4) with the surrounding tissue adhesions can removal make resection.(5) the abdomen was closed to fully wash the abdominal cavity to reduce the cancer cells planted with abdominal infection.
Colon cancer - Drug therapy1, chemotherapyChemotherapy in general surgical patients a year - a year and a half with 2-3 courses of treatment, commonly used drugs 5 - fluorouracil (5-FU), can also be a joint application of mitomycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-FU treatment the total amount available to 7-10 g. Oral or intravenous administration, preferably added to the glucose solution infusion, 250 mg daily or every other day. If the response is such as nausea, loss of appetite, weakness, decreased white blood cell and platelet counts can be reduced each dosage, or increase the interval period. The myelosuppression obvious can be promptly discontinued. By oral gastrointestinal side effects than intravenous administration, but bone marrow suppression response to light.The medication should be noted that during the support treatment, and reduce the side effects of drugs. Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can not be removed, control of tumor growth must alleviate the symptoms, but less effective, and short duration, such as patients with poor general condition, side effects, but worse, should not be applied.2, immunotherapyCan improve the ability of patients to anti-tumor, has developed rapidly in recent years, such as interferon, interleukin, transfer factor, tumor necrosis factor has been the increasingly widespread application, not only can improve the patient's immunity, and can be carried out with the chemotherapy.Since the 1980s, scientists led by the United States and Japan, Maitake Mushrooms (Maitake, also known as Grifola frondosa) has made a breakthrough, a new treatment to cancer patients, achieved a more satisfactory effect. Maitake contains a combination of beta-(1-6) as the main chain of β-(1-3) combined with dextran side chains and main chain to the combination of beta-(1-3) β-(1-6 experiments show that these active glucan can significantly inhibit tumor growth through activation of the immune function;) combined with the side chain of the activity of glucan, also found that the purification of the activity of glucan can be cured only by injection, and Maitake D- fraction (active glucan and protein conjugates) by oral administration can get the desired results. Maitake D-fraction is the chemical structure and composition or molecular weight is different from similar substances extracted from other mushrooms in the mushroom, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, and its biological activity is similar substances can not be compared.
Animal experiments and clinical trials show that Maitake D-fraction is to play an anti-cancer effect through the following aspects:
1, activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells, harmful T cells, immune cells, induced by leukocidin, the secretion of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and other cytokines.
2, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
3, in combination with traditional chemotherapy drugs (mitomycin, and kamo Augustine, etc.), both to increase efficacy, but also to reduce the toxic side effects during chemotherapy.
4, synergy with immune therapy (interferon-α 2b).
5, the slow down of patients with advanced cancer pain, increase appetite, improve the quality of life of patients.
Mike healthy food is the authority of the enterprise of the first system Maitake Maitake fine drops of its production to improve the quality of life of cancer patients can play a very good effect.3, Chinese medicine treatmentCan improve symptoms, enhance the body's resistance to disease, reducing the side effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and some traditional Chinese medicine have a direct anticancer effect diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, Arrowhead Mountain, Solanum nigrum. When medication can be dialectical, disease into account, join Qingrejiedu blood tackling, nourishing yin, expectorant relieves congestion, regulate and fortify the spleen and stomach drug.Colon cancer - case prognosis
Better colon cancer to radical postoperative total five-year survival rate of more than 50% of early patients, five-year survival rate can reach 80% or more, while only about 30% of late.After surgery for colon cancer to hospital for examination and review on a regular basis and make the rehabilitation measures, the survival time after the specific treatment or with the individual's physical body, and healing environment, as well as post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, causes of colon cancer, has not yet truly find out that colon cancer can not be genetic, doctors also are at odds.Abroad has been investigated by a family of more than 75 years a total of 650 blood relatives, 96 human patients with malignant tumors, the majority of colon cancer and adenocarcinoma associated with other organs. Also statistics found that the compatriots of patients with colon cancer, colon cancer risk than the general population increased by 5 times; familial factors of colon cancer is more common than other digestive tract cancers. Therefore, many doctors believe that genetic factors and colon cancer.
Colon cancer - complicationsTumor development to a certain stage, in particular, has caused obstruction will lead to a series of symptoms. Include: weakness, fatigue, anemia, unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain, black stools or blood stools, change in bowel habits. Rectal cancer can be locally invasive bladder, vaginal walls or peripheral nerves, resulting in the perineal or sacral pain, but these symptoms occur late.
Colon cancer - colon symptoms(A) the early symptoms: most early may have bloating, discomfort, indigestion-like symptoms, then a change in bowel habits, such as it plays increase, diarrhea or constipation, it abdominal pain. The later can have a mucous or mucopurulent bloody stools.
(B) symptoms of poisoning: blood loss due to tumor ulceration and absorption of toxins, can often lead to patients with anemia, fever, fatigue, weight loss, swelling and other manifestations, especially anemia, weight loss for
(C) obstruction performance: low to incomplete or complete intestinal obstruction symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain (pain or cramps), constipation, or will be closed. The examination shows abdominal lung, intestinal, local tenderness, bowel sounds can be heard and Kang strong.
(D) Abdominal mass: tumor or omentum, the surrounding tissue invasion bonded mass, hard, the shape is irregular, and some with the intestine have a certain activity, late of tumor invasion and even more The mass can be fixed.
(E) late performance: signs of jaundice, ascites, edema, liver metastases, and cachexia, anterior pit tumor, supraclavicular lymph nodes and tumor distant diffusion transfer performance.Colon cancer - colon cancer metastasis1, metastasisDistant metastasis of colon cancer, liver, about 50% of patients will occur before or after surgery liver metastases. The data also show that: about 30% of the patients before the surgery Yin anonymous liver metastases can not be detected by B ultrasound or CT. Colorectal liver metastases resection is safe, but it is possible to improve has been transferred long-term survival in patients with the treatment. But only a small part (10% -20%) for surgical resection, and 70% of postoperative recurrence.2, colon cancer lymph node metastasisLymph node metastasis is generally in the following order from near and far diffusion, but also across the transfer of non-compliance order.
(1) within the colon lymph node intestinal fat hanging.
(2) paracolic lymph nodes near the colon wall mesorectal.
(3) the perivascular mesangial vascular lymph nodes of mesocolon Central, also known as the middle of lymph node group.
(4) the mesangial roots lymph mesocolon root.Cancer invade the intestinal wall muscularis increased the probability of lymph node metastasis, such as subserosal lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis have a greater chance.3, hematogenous metastasisCancer cells or tumor thrombus child along the portal vein system and the first of the liver, to other organizations, such as lung, brain, bone, organs. Hematogenous metastasis cancer violation of capillaries, small veins, but there are also pressing the tumor due to the physical examination, surgical extrusion tumor due to the strong peristalsis or obstruction can be prompted cancer cells into the blood line.4, invasion and plantingThe cancer can directly invade the Run of the surrounding tissue and organs. Off the cancer cells in the intestine planting elsewhere mucosa, fall in the abdominal cavity was nodular or miliary, white or gray, hard, planting in the peritoneal metastases. Spread the whole abdominal cavity, can cause cancer, peritonitis, and ascites.
Colon cancer - prevention measuresOne expert pointed out that the prevention of colon cancer from the eating habits start. Feeding high-fiber foods such as mushrooms, fungus, seaweed, buckwheat, sweet potatoes, soybeans, green beans, corn and various fruits, etc., in order to maintain smooth stool, reduce fecal carcinogens and the colonic mucosa contact time, every day.Second, to reduce dietary fat and animal protein intake, can reduce the decomposition products of carcinogens and carcinogenic effects in order to reduce the incidence of colon cancer.Third, the prevention of colon cancer need to schistosomiasis.Fourth, the prevention and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions of the colon. Adenomatous polyps, especially the family of multiple intestinal polyposis, to be early excision of the lesion. Aggressive treatment of chronic colitis., To colon, rectal cancer, family history and a high degree of colon, rectal cancer incidence trends in oral calcium, allows cancer incidence decline. Chemoprevention is currently the most widely used drugs are vitamins ae and β-carotene, and 4-hpr, also commonly used large doses of vitamin c to prevent the formation of polyps.Do physical exercise daily, preferably 30 minutes of physical activity. The study found that the work volume of the activities of the possibility of colon cancer than low person sitting in the office 40% to 50%. Colon memory stool most of the time, the large volume of activity helps stool quickly through the colon. There are carcinogens in the stool, the longer it stays in the colon carcinogen exposure to the intestinal wall, the more opportunities, the greater the likelihood of colon cancer. The increased activity can reduce the intestinal hormone content, thereby reducing the likelihood of colon cancer. Prevention of colon cancer every day activities 30 minutes.
Colon cancer - postoperative careEarly sleep after surgery are advised to take the lateral position, so that one side of the artificial anus, so to avoid faecal contamination wound and cause infection. The skin around the colostomy should be kept clean with warm water after each bowel movement, cleaned and coated with Vaseline ointment to protect skin. Bring finger expansion of the artificial anus with your fingers on a regular stool thinning, expansion needed more.If the patient has weight loss, sacral pain, perineal lump, abdominal mass, ascites, enlargement of the liver, should be timely to the hospital, to the early detection of metastasis.Should gradually develop regular bowel habits. If a few days without stool, it can take guided laxatives or to the hospital for colostomy enema to prevent diarrhea, to pay attention to food hygiene, and eat less food or raw cellulose, greasy food.Due to surgery for patients with anal and recycling, the colostomy is not the sphincter, and the whole body up and down to have abnormal taste, the patient can often produce the ideological burden, to explain and to encourage and to assist and guide the patient to make the colostomy care. Let the patient understand the the anus recycling only anal transferred from the perineum to the abdomen but no one with strange eyes look at it, he can control their bowel movements, there is no difference between themselves and normal. Or let him know the patient's own anus in the abdomen, no one can find the secret.Colon cancer - colon cancer caused ascites bulging belly how to do?
With advanced colon cancer ascites in advanced colorectal cancer and signs of damage, mainly due to colon cancer peritoneal metastasis or liver metastasis, leading to chronic liver albumin synthesis to reduce or door static high pressure causes. Colon cancer with advanced ascites is one of the signs of colon cancer has entered late. Does not mean that has no therapeutic value. For patients with colon cancer ascites, first of all should be actively treating colon cancer primary tumor lesions.
Colon cancer tumor foci will be controlled, directly affects the increase or decrease in the amount of ascites and the rate of progress of the disease. Paracentesis can quickly reduce the intra-abdominal pressure, alleviate the symptoms of oppression of the heart, lung, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, and alleviate the suffering of the patient. However, this relief is only temporary, ascites, rapid growth in a short period of time, repeated paracentesis and could lead to substantial loss of body fluids and protein, water and electrolyte disturbance, orthostatic hypotension induced hepatic coma and other serious consequences, therefore, paracentesis can not be used as the preferred treatment method. For individual patients, ascites affect the respiratory function and heart and kidney function before they are allowed to consider the ascites.Some recommendations on colon cancer ascites
1 ascites cancer metastasis, sicker deterioration of performance, water appears carcinoma water;
If no anti-cancer treatment simply diuresis, it is treating the symptoms, treatment is not good, because the new cancer water generated as the pool filled with water, if you do not turn off the tap, no matter how clear the sewer drainage, water in the pool did not break the net;
Therefore, in order to dispel water, the most important is to increase the anti-cancer efforts to suppress cancer water continues to generate, on this basis, combined with symptomatic treatment, the cancer has generated water gradually drained away, the effect of cured water go;
Note that the patterns of life, maintain defecate unobstructed, psychological adjustment, family care, anti-cold, anti-fatigue, anti-angry;
Doctor mainly to see a doctor, it is best to find a professional, regular, experienced TCM oncology specialist, depending on condition, on the one hand, destruction inhibition of cancer cells, reduce, alleviate and control the disease, both local anti-cancer, but also overall anti-cancer, to prevent further deterioration of the disease, the other hand, can be symptomatic treatment, body conditioning, enhance immunity, sick to survive, prolong life;Commonly used in therapy of colon cancer ascites:
Dropsical disease pill: the famous experts and scholars Professor Qian Zhibo of Qian water toxic protein theory, for the first time successfully extracted from the euphorbia euphorbia peptides, the euphorbia saponins two factors, other drugs combined, so far the only professional Xiaogu addition to inflation, and radical multi edema pure Chinese medicine. Clinically for up to five years, the 6400 severe rehabilitation of patients, the cure rate is much higher than other drugs, and efficient treatment of various types of edema disease, cure rates are unprecedented breakthrough. By clinical observations, dropsical disease pill quick, short treatment period, the cure rate is high, non-toxic side effects. Can rapidly reduce edema, ascites, edema, oliguria, eyes, facial edema, embolism, patients taking the symptoms disappeared completely in about 20 days, after the consolidation therapy allows many years of recurrent swollen disease edema one-time cure. Dropsical disease pill swept away diuretics palliatives, and the drawbacks of side effects, the use of euphorbia-based medicine, effectively cracking, clear water, toxic protein, the destruction of their adhesion and water absorption, the balance of water and salt metabolism, efficacy, completely cut off the edema, swelling of the root causes of breeding from the root to cure edema and swollen disease.
