Iron deficiency anemia in children

Iron deficiency anemia in children-What is iron deficiency anemia in children?

Iron deficiency anemia (iron deficiency ancemia) is a common disease in children, occurs mainly in June to 3-year-old infants. With small cells with low color, serum iron and transferrin saturation decreased, good iron treatment.

Iron deficiency anemia in children - diagnosis
Children with iron deficiency anemia alone symptoms is not easy to make an early diagnosis. Should be asked in detail about the history, with particular attention to the cause of analysis, can be diagnosed early clues, such as birth weight, with or without loss of blood through the placenta, placental abruption, weight growth rate after birth, children with diet, daily fresh milk intake . Older children should pay attention to chronic blood loss and parasitic diseases, girls should pay attention to menstruation. Available iron test treatment is difficult to diagnose.

Iron deficiency anemia in children - treatmentIron supplements and removal of disease, because in principle.
(1) iron treatment
Children with iron deficiency anemia iron is a cure for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, and its many different types of general oral inorganic salt is the most economical, convenient and effective way. The divalent iron is easily absorbed than ferric iron, so the use of ferrous sulfate, the iron content of 20%; fumarate iron, the iron content of 30%. Easy to take the baby for the multi-dubbed 2.5% ferrous sulfate mixture solution (ferrous sulfate 2.5g, dilute hydrochloric acid 2.9ml, glucose 12.5g, chloroform, water 100ml). The dose calculation shall be contained in the iron, the experiments to 4.5 ~ 6mg/kg · d, at times taking appropriate, ferrous sulfate (equivalent 0.03g/kg / day; fumarate iron 0.02g/kg / days; 2.5% ferrous sulfate mixture 1.2ml/kg · d), this amount can reach the highest limit of absorption, more than this amount of absorption decreased, but increased the stimulation of the gastric mucosa, overdose can produce toxicity. The best medication in between meals, not only to reduce the stimulation of the gastric mucosa, but also conducive to absorption. Should be avoided while taking a lot of milk can affect iron absorption due to higher milk phosphorus.
Vitamin C can make ferric reduced to ferrous iron, it is easy to dissolve, so that the small intestine, the pH increased, and still maintain the iron in the dissolved state. For example, vitamin C60mg added to the rice allows the absorption of iron three times. Therefore, while taking iron, it is best to take vitamin C On the clothes iron four hours before taking vitamin C, whereas no such effect.
For a very small number of strong reaction in children, could be replaced by a small irritant glucose ferrous ferrous gluconate is above iron is reduced to half the amount to be nausea, Ah, diarrhea or stomach upset symptoms, coupled to the amount used. Can not tolerate oral iron, severe diarrhea, anemia and heavier sick children, consider using the iron injection. Iron injection: iron dextran per ml iron 50mg, intramuscular; sugar iron oxide per ml iron 20mg, intravenous injection. Intramuscular injection of iron local produce pain, and urticaria, also visible fever, joint pain, headache or local lymph node enlargement. Intravenous iron can also occur in thrombophlebitis. The treatment effect of injected iron is not faster than the oral, and thus should be used with caution.
Iron therapy are generally required to continue applied to red blood cells and hemoglobin reached normal levels after at least 6 to 8 weeks. Due to iron deficiency anemia, not only the hemoglobin decrease in storage iron is exhausted. As the children continue the growth and development, blood volume expansion continuously, can not meet the needs of the iron in the diet, therapeutic purposes should not only correct the iron deficiency anemia and adequate iron storage, for later use. Vitamin B12, folic acid or liver fine for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia is invalid, not abuse.
(2) go for treatmentThe majority of the causes of the disease is improper diet, it is necessary to improve the diet, reasonable feeding. Some patients with mild alone to improve the diet can be cured. To improve diet, should be based on the age of the children being given the right food. Digestion in children is poor, replace and add a food supplement must be careful. Generally start a few days later, clinical symptoms improved to drug treatment, and gradually add a food supplement, so as not to cause indigestion due to increased food too fast. About 1 year old baby can be added to the eggs, pureed vegetables, liver and minced meat. Infants and children must be corrected to a partial eclipse, give food rich in iron, vitamin C and protein.


Do not drink tea chronic intestinal blood loss caused the result of taking a large number of fresh milk, the amount of milk should be reduced to the following daily 500ml or switch to formula, the evaporation of milk or milk replacer mouth. Intestinal malformations, hookworm anemia corrected line surgery or insecticide.
3 TransfusionThe onset is slow, the body's compensatory ability generally does not require blood transfusion. Management and severe anemia or severe infections or immediate surgery is transfusion indications. Hemoglobin 30g / L or less, for a blood transfusion, but must take a small number of ways, or enter the concentration of red blood cells, every 2 ~ 3ml/kg. Blood transfusion too fast, excessive, can lead to heart failure. If severe heart failure, the available shake-up method, concentrated red blood cells instead of whole blood, treatment generally do not need ocean in yellow.
Treatment after the reaction taking iron from 12 to 24 hours after the cells containing iron enzyme began to recover, first appeared in the spirit of improvement in clinical symptoms, irritability and other symptoms were relieved, appetite increase. 36 to 48 hours later, bone marrow hyperplasia phenomenon of the red blood cell system. Reticulocyte 48 to 72 hours after the medication expenditure reached a peak in long, 4 to 11. At this point, the hemoglobin increased rapidly, generally in 3 to 4 weeks after the treatment of anemia is corrected. The heart murmur is lessened or disappeared after 2 to 3 weeks, spleen gradually reduced. Medication 1 to 3 months, the stored iron to normal.
Iron deficiency anemia in children - etiologyThe most productive in the growth and development in infancy, if the iron stored in the body is exhausted and dietary iron content is not enough, the increase in gastrointestinal iron absorption is insufficient to add volume and red blood cells, anemia can occur. Its causes are mainly the following four aspects.
A primary body iron content and anemia.
Normal neonatal blood volume of approximately 85ml/kg hemoglobin 190g / L. More than 75% of the total iron content of the neonatal period, the body of hemoglobin, about 15% to 20% is stored in the reticuloendothelial system, the amount of the synthetic myoglobin rarely. Iron enzymes, but the number of Hawk. Neonatal body iron content depends on blood volume and hemoglobin concentration. Blood volume and weight is proportional to. Down lift a 3.3kg newborn with a 1.5kg premature infants, and its total body iron content difference between the 120mg.


The wok spinach iron unreliable normal neonatal body iron content of about 70mg/dl in preterm infants and low birth weight, child body's iron content and its weight is proportional to the. Health epigenetic rational hemolytic release of iron stored in the reticuloendothelial cells, coupled with the storage of iron sufficient raw weight growth times of application. Therefore, the more low birth weight, the less the total amount of iron in the body, the greater the likelihood of anemia. In addition, the fetus through the placenta, blood transfusion to a fetus in the mother, or the twin transfusion to another fetus, and delivery of placental rupture of blood vessels and bile with ligation (umbilical cord ligation delay allows newborns have more than 75ml of blood or 40mg iron), may affect neonatal body iron content.
Mother during pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia, there is no positive relationship with infant anemia owed because the placenta may be low iron content of serum maternal iron transported to the serum concentration of fetal body, regardless of the mother, iron deficiency or not, or The quality of the food enter the iron isotope labeling, about 10% of the iron into the fetus. Therefore, at birth, regardless of the mother, with or without anemia, neonatal hemoglobin, serum ferritin and serum iron concentration there is no significant difference between the mother's hemoglobin and disproportionate. Even if the mother is suffering from anemia, or weight Chong infant serum ferritin can still be within the normal range.
Growth rate and anemia.Children with rapid growth, increased blood volume quickly. Normal babies grow up to 5 weight gain. Premature infants to increase faster, increase the 1-year-old six times. If the primary to the blood protein 19g/dl. Dropped to 4.5 to 5 months when the 11g/dl about, only the use of stored iron can maintain, without iron in food. Preterm child is different, its requirements are far more than the normal infants.
Normal infant weight gain, to maintain the hemoglobin at 11g/dl, the body storage of iron is sufficient. So the weight gain times before, if the iron deficiency anemia, generally not due to iron deficiency due to diet, you must look for other reasons.
(3) dietary iron deficiency
Infant to the dairy food, low content of iron in these foods. Breast milk iron content and the maternal diet, generally 1.5 mg / L iron. Cattle 0.5 ~ 1.0mg / L, goat milk less. Iron absorption in the dairy of about 2% to 10%, the rate of absorption of iron in human milk than cow's milk (iron deficiency, iron absorption rate in human milk may be increased to 50%). Do not feed infants under six months are subject to a sufficient amount of breast milk after birth?? Can not breast-feed should be fed formula fortified iron, and timely complementary feeding, or times after the weight gain, storage iron and completion of, namely anemia. Breastfeeding children at 6 months, if not add a food supplement, can also become anemic. According to the investigation of the cause of the Beijing Children's Hospital, 39 patients with small-cell anemia, 65% for artificial feeding, partial breast feeding is neither timely complementary feeding.
The older children each dimensionless poor eating habits, poor feeding, partial eclipse or nutrient supply Erzhi anemia.
(4) long-term small amount of blood loss
Peaches iron ranks of the crown eat of the fruit to help the treatment of iron deficiency anemia of iron stored in the normal human body, 30% of the total iron content of the body, such as acute blood loss does not exceed 1/3 of the total amount of whole blood, though additional iron supplements can also be quickly restored without anemia. Chronic blood loss, blood loss, 4ml, approximately equal to the loss of iron 1.6mg, although the daily blood loss, iron consumption has more than 1 times or more, can cause anemia. Infants less than 1 year of age due to rapid growth, storage of iron are used to add volume expansion, so that a small amount of chronic blood loss can also lead to anemia. Discovered in recent years, to a large number (> 1L) without a cook for the purpose of fresh milk, feeding children, there may be chronic intestinal blood loss, anti-fresh milk is not heat-resistant protein antibodies can be found in the blood of such children. Also suggested that intestinal blood loss and the ingested amount of fresh milk without boiling, 2 to 12 months of age if the daily intake of total fresh milk does not exceed 1L, (preferably not more than 750ml) or evaporation of milk, hemorrhagic phenomena can be reduced.
Common chronic blood loss but also the gastrointestinal tract malformation, diaphragmatic hernia, polyps, ulcer disease, esophageal varices, hookworm, epistaxis, thrombocytopenia purpura, pulmonary hemosiderosis disease and girls menorrhagia and other reasons.
(5) Other reasons for long-term diarrhea and vomiting, colitis, celiac sprue, etc., can affect the absorption of nutrients. Acute and chronic infection, children with loss of appetite, gastrointestinal absorption is not good, can also cause iron deficiency anemia.

Iron deficiency anemia in children - pathogenesisA human body iron distribution and function
The ⑴ synthesis of hemoglobin: hemoglobin iron accounts for about 2/3 of the total body iron content, accounting for 99% of the red blood cell protein hemoglobin. Iron deficiency the shadow hemoglobin synthesis Erzhi anemia.
(2) Synthesis of myoglobin: the synthesis of myoglobin iron accounting for pediatric body iron content of 3%. Myoglobin oxygen affinity compared with hemoglobin, the oxygen storage role play in the striated muscle and myocardium. When the lack of pull it can release oxygen for the much-needed muscle contraction, muscle myoglobin content in the iron deficiency is not fully understood.
⑶ the enzymes necessary to constitute the human body: a very small amount of iron constitute the essential enzymes, such as various cytochrome enzymes, had catalase, peroxidase, and succinate dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase involved in a variety of cell metabolism in the final stages and the generation of adenosine diphosphate, which is the essential substance of the cell metabolism. Early iron deficiency, it may be before anemia appears, such iron or iron-dependent enzyme function that affected. But 48 to 72 hours after treatment, the spirit and the appetite improved, suggesting that the functional recovery of enzyme, appeared before the anemia was improved.

Potato - to reduce morning sickness reaction (4) storage: about 30% of the iron stored in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin in the bone marrow and reticuloendothelial system, where 1/3 stored in dry liver tissue of the liver (neonatal 1 g, about iron 15mg, 2 years old 2mg), 1/3 is stored in the bone marrow, the other 1/3 is stored in the spleen and other organizations. Ferritin iron can reach the ferritin weight of 20% to 25%. And plasma iron to maintain a state of equilibrium, when the body needs to increase, can easily use. Hemosiderin iron content of 30%, but can not easily be used, such as sick children of pulmonary hemosiderosis disease although a large number of hemosiderin deposition in the lungs, but can not be used for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Its function and ferritin is not yet clear.
⑸ operation: a small amount of iron in the plasma and a β-globulin (transferrin), running in between the organizations. For example, the intestinal absorption of iron or red blood cells in the reticuloendothelial system is free of iron, Fe3 + form of iron transport protein binding, and transported to the bone marrow. Attached to transferrin to reticulocyte membranes in young red blood cells and the network, the initiative to operate within one minute of iron into the cells and hemoglobin synthesis in erythroblast. One molecule of transferrin with two molecules of iron, which carries iron to quickly enter and leave the blood circulation half-life of about 20 to 120 minutes. Under normal circumstances, similar to transferrin in plasma lactoferrin binding. In addition, still similar to the transferrin lactoferrin, it exists in milk, a variety of fluid secretion and neutrophil, it has a strong affinity with iron, through the competition deprived of microbially available iron inhibitory effect, its iron transport function of further study.
Source of iron absorption
The body of iron from food. Food iron highest in the most important black fungus, kelp and liver, etc.; followed by meat, beans, eggs. Levin with a wok, cooking can be a considerable amount of inorganic iron salts. In addition, red blood cell destruction in the body, the decomposition of iron from hemoglobin almost entirely de novo synthesis of hemoglobin or other organizations to provide the needed iron.
Iron absorption, there are two main forms, namely in the form of free iron in the form of heme absorption. Plants in the iron-clad high-speed rail in the form of colloidal hydroxide deposit. Under the action of pepsin and free hydrochloric acid, the non-heme iron in food is released and becomes free of divalent iron. Vitamin C enable divalent iron reduced to ferrous iron, in order to facilitate absorption. In addition, fructose, amino acids (cystine, histidine and lysine) all promote iron absorption. Easy to form phosphoric acid iron salts and oxalic acid iron salts in the alkaline environment of the small intestine, impaired absorption. Tea and coffee will also affect the absorption of iron, tannic acid in tea and iron formation of tannin-iron complexes, to make the iron absorption decreased by 75%.
The absorption of heme and free iron absorption, hemoglobin and myoglobin in the animal food in the role of gastric acid and proteolytic enzymes, the heme and globin separation, can be directly absorbed by the intestinal mucosal cells, intestinal epithelial cells within the separation by the heme enzyme released from the iron.
Iron absorption due to the type of food. Vegetables, rice and other plants in the iron absorption rate is only about 1%, while the form of heme iron in meat, the absorption rate, approximately 10% to 22%.
Fish or other meat and plant food intake, at the same time will enable the increase in iron absorption by plant diet, but milk, eggs and other animal food will not achieve this effect. Poor iron absorption in the egg, but its content is rich, and still man-made supply of infant iron food.


Liver of animals - to avoid the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia iron absorption in the duodenum area, rely on small intestinal regulation. Intestinal cell survival period of 4-6 days, play a role in temporarily stored iron. If the body with too much iron, the iron into the body, mass storage in the form of ferritin in the intestinal mucosa, a small amount into the plasma with the intestinal mucosa off the discharge; in the case of in vivo iron deficiency, iron from a large number of mucosal cells into the bloodstream, and rarely from the intestinal tract. Adjustment mechanism, though not fully understood, but is mainly determined by the nature of the food and the content of iron and body iron stores status, and hematopoietic function. The less iron stored in the body absorb more. In hematopoietic function is strong, iron absorption increases, such as blood loss, iron absorption increased significantly, so the anemia quickly recover; chronic hemolytic diseases such as thalassemia patients, even if the increase in the amount of iron storage in the body, can still cause iron over- more absorption. Normal hematopoietic case, although the change of iron in the diet, but the amount of iron in the body constant.
(3) iron excretion
Under normal circumstances, the day only a very small amount of iron excreted children daily excretion of about 15μg/kg; about 2/3 with the shedding of intestinal mucosal cells, bile and red blood cells from the intestinal tract, the other by the kidneys and The sweat glands discharge, the the excoriation loss of a trace amount of iron.
Iron deficiency anemia in children - clinical manifestationsThe incidence of more than 6 months to 3 years, most of the slow onset, the beginning and more attention for parents, the majority of sick children caused by treatment of moderate anemia. The symptoms of minor depends on the degree of anemia and anemia, the speed of development.

(1) the general performance: Start often irritability or lethargy, do not love the activities, loss of appetite, skin and mucous membranes pale to the lips, oral mucosa, nail bed and the palm is the most obvious. Preschool and school-age children at this time readme fatigue, weakness.
⑵ hematopoietic organ performance: Due to the response of extramedullary hematopoiesis, liver, spleen and lymph nodes often slightly enlarged. The younger, anemia management, the longer course, more obvious hepatosplenomegaly, but enlargement is rarely crossed moderate.
In addition to the changes in the hematopoietic system, iron deficiency has an impact on the metabolic From the cytological point of view, can lead to lack of the cytochrome enzyme system; over oxidation of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase, aconitase enzyme and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity was reduced; and affect DNA synthesis. Can occur due to metabolic disorders, loss of appetite, weight gain slows down, tongue, papillary atrophy, reduce gastric acid secretion and small intestinal function disorders. Pica disorder is more common in adults, rare in children.


Adrenal neuropsychiatric changes gradually pay attention to. Has been found that anemia is not severe, namely, irritability, and are not interested in the surrounding environment. Intelligence tests found that sick children can not concentrate, and understanding to reduce slow response. Of infant apnea (breath. Bolding spells). School-age children in the classroom performance behavior abnormalities such as rampage, kept a little trick. These phenomena in relationship to the iron is not very, but the experimental proof of adrenaline in the urine of patients with iron deficiency anemia target = _blank> norepinephrine concentrations increased in recent years, to quickly returned to normal after iron, suggesting that the neuropsychiatric The changes may and norepinephrine catabolism. Urine norepinephrine increase by monoamine oxidase?? Neurochemical reaction from the management to the role. Now detect monoamine oxidase activity in platelets of patients with iron deficiency anemia decreased back to normal soon after taking the iron. Further confirmed the relationship of iron deficiency and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the future may wish to do more research in animal experiments.
Iron deficiency anemia in children are more prone to infection. Such patients E rosettes, active E rosette formation rate were decreased, of PHA skin test reaction was significantly lower than normal, indicating that T-leaching plant cell weakened. There are reports of peripheral blood T leaching correct cell subsets CD3CD4 lymphocytes to reduce OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased. Were also reported in patients NBT test below normal. The iron content of myeloperoxidase due to a decrease, thus granulocytes kill attack reduced ability. After iron therapy, granulocyte bactericidal function of more than 4 to Heaven back to normal.
When the hemoglobin is reduced to 70g / L or less, there may be enlargement of the heart murmur, this unique signs of the general performance of the anemia rather than iron deficiency anemia. Due to the slow onset of iron deficiency anemia, the body's tolerance and strong, when the hemoglobin dropped to 40g / L, while from time to cardiac dysfunction in performance, but combined with respiratory infections, heart burden, can induce heart failure.Iron deficiency anemia in children - auxiliary examinationA biochemical test: before anemia appears, that is, a series of biochemical changes. When iron deficiency, the body first use stored iron in order to maintain the need of iron metabolism, ferritin and hemosiderin content decreased in liver and bone marrow; followed, serum ferritin decreased. 35ng/ml, serum ferritin, normal down to 10ng/ml the following can be biochemical or clinical aspects of iron deficiency. After serum ferritin fell below 50μg/dl, even as low as 30μg/dl below, while the serum iron binding capacity increased to 350μg/dl above, transferrin saturation dropped below 15%. Transferrin saturation less than 15%, synthesis decreased hemoglobin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin accumulation can high to 60μg/dl, whole blood. Infants and young children during the increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin and hemoglobin ratio (FEP / Hgb), to reduce the more meaningful for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia compared with transferrin saturation, and its ratio> 3μg / g is considered as abnormal if 5.5 ~~ 17.5μg / g, rule out lead poisoning can be diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Serum copper increased up to 146μg/dl. If iron deficiency continues to progress, namely the changes in the blood.
The bone marrow cytology. Blood: red blood cells and hemoglobin were lower, particularly lower hemoglobin. Accordingly reduce the hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is less than 80fl, can be as low as 51fl; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) of less than 26PG minimum 11.1pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is lower than 0.30 can be as low as 0.20; mean corpuscular important measurement of the small number of cases, can be as low as 70pg. Smear of red blood cells become smaller, the majority of diameter less than 6μm, sometimes of varying sizes, mostly small. Price - Joan Secretary curve to the left, and basal widening. Red blood cell staining shallow, intermediate lucent zone to increase. Severe cases, red blood cells may be a ring. Network normal red blood cell percentage, but its absolute value is lower than normal, decreased erythrocyte fragility, are rarely seen in the peripheral blood nucleated red blood cells.
Morphologically normal white blood cell count normal, but severe cases of white blood cell count is likely to be reduced, and lymphocyte cells are relatively increased. Platelet majority within the normal range, in severe cases may be slightly lower, but rarely to the extent of causing bleeding.
Bone marrow: Bone marrow hyperplasia was phenomenon, bone marrow cell count increased slightly, the number of megakaryocytes is normal. According to the statistics of the Beijing Children's Hospital, the bone marrow cell counts between 150,000 and 400,000 / mm3, with an average of 300,000 / mm3, megakaryocytes 25 125 / mm3, with an average of about 70 / mm3.
Bone marrow classification of myeloid and the proportion of nucleated red blood cell nucleated red blood cells increased, indicating the strong red blood cell proliferation. Granulocytes of morphological changes in the count, neutrophils can be slightly higher. Erythrocyte count in the erythroblast and erythroblast-free increased, especially in young red blood cells to increase the more obvious. Promyelocytic, young and late erythroblast less cytoplasm, the hemoglobin content is extremely low, indicating the degree of maturity of full pulp behind in the nucleus, the cytoplasm of the edge is not very neat, with potassium ferrocyanide staining, showing sideroblasts reduce or even disappear, smear nibs do not see blue ferritin and containing haemosiderin.
(4) check: if there is chronic intestinal blood loss, positive fecal occult blood. Serious illness, longer duration, and skull X-ray shows like radiation-like stripes change of hemoglobin disease.Iron deficiency anemia in children - differential diagnosisThe diagnosis depends on the laboratory tests described above, to exclude the low color-small-cell anemia:
Thalassemia thalassemia: a family history, regional more obvious. Special face, significantly enlarged liver and spleen. The blood smear shows target-shaped cells and nucleated red blood cells, hemoglobin electrophoresis A2 and F increased, or hemoglobin H or Bart's. Increased serum iron, the increase of sideroblasts in the bone marrow.
2 pulmonary hemosiderosis disease: the performance of the onset of pale, weakness, cough, sputum with visible blood, sputum and gastric juice can be found in hemosiderin cells. The reticulocyte increased. X-ray lung fields visible outlets like Yin shadow.
Sideroblastic anemia: bone marrow smear extracellular iron significantly increased in the late erythroblast nuclear be seen around the iron particles in a ring arrangement, increased serum ferritin. Invalid with iron treatment. Some patients with vitamin B6 therapy can obtain better results.
Chronic infectious anemia: mostly small cell Stern, anemia, and even showed a low color rendering. Serum iron and iron binding capacity were decreased by the increase of sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Iron treatment nonresponders.
(5) Lead poisoning: red blood cells seen in basophilic stippling, lead levels in the serum, red blood cells and Protoporphyrin in urine increased significantly. FEP / of Hgb can be high to 17.5μg / g or more.

Iron deficiency anemia in children - PreventionThe therapeutic method of iron-deficiency anemia should first do the infant feeding guidance. The iron in breast milk is not enough, but its better absorption. If you can not use the breast-feeding should be used in fortified iron formula-fed. Or iron in food as soon as possible, appeal to the food sector, industrial production, manufacture infant foods fortified iron, ferrous sulfate in the milk, cereal, flour. 1000ml milk plus ferrous sulfate 0.06g equal to pure iron 12mg, will be able to meet the needs of the baby. Iron absorption by 10 percent calculations, the recommended supply of the children during the 10 to 15mg / day, adolescent girls 18mg / day.Was added to strengthen iron diet, full-term children from 4 to 6 months (no later than six months), premature infants and low birth weight children from 3 months. The easiest way to add milk, prescription or supplement of ferrous sulfate. Iron grains of breast-feeding children a day plus 1 or 2 times. Acceptable alternate use of ferrous sulfate drops, the amount of term infants pure iron does not exceed 1mg/kg / day (2.5% FeSO40.2ml/kg / day) in preterm infants does not exceed 2mg/kg · d. The maximum daily dose of 15mg in the family to use up ultrasound a month, in order to avoid the occurrence of iron poisoning.
Artificial feeding children in the 6 months after the feeding of milk iron, the total can not exceed 750ml, otherwise squeezed out into the amount of iron-containing diet.
For children and adults, the best plus iron 13 ~ 16mg per kilogram of flour. Rural grains, starchy diet, some places ancylostomiasis epidemic, we must pay attention also should be noted that to maximize the animal diet, due to iron in cereals, and its absorption is not such as animal food.
Do health checks, anemia census on a regular basis, so that early treatment of mild disease children. Hemoglobin 110g / L lower limit of normal infants should be given iron 3mg/kg · d, serving a total of 3 months. Experiments show that part of the baby after the application of iron hemoglobin slightly increased, these babies have a mild iron deficiency, necessary and correct.
Iron deficiency anemia in children - prognosisA good prognosis, with iron treatment, usually can be cured, if improvements in diet, removal of the cause, rarely relapse. For patients with very severe, and sometimes not timely rescue, may cause death. Severe infections and indigestion often fatal cause. Children for the treatment of late disease, anemia, although fully recovered, but the physical development, mental development will be affected.