What is scabies?
Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by scabies mites. Scabies mainly severe skin itching, rash, and multiple soft folds of the skin, especially the genitals. Scabies is spread through close contact with the disease, mainly outside the rule-based, generally do not need oral systemic medication.
Scabies - Introduction
Scabies is a mite parasitic on the human skin caused by chronic infectious skin disease through close contact, especially sexual contact, occurred in the skin delicate, folds, highly contagious, spreading quickly, easily spread in the family and the collective , often a collective fashion. Infected skin papules with blisters and severe itching tunnel, due to scratching prone to secondary infection, often cyclical. Scabies mites can also infect sheep, dogs, pigs, rabbits, cattle, horses and other animals caused by these animals suffering from scabies.
Scabies scabies mite pest species of human type, belonging to Arachnida, subclass tick mite, mite head, scabies mite Branch, scabies mites is an arthropod. Scabies mites back numerous transverse wavy wrinkles, the latter part of the trunk a few of the bristles and long rod-shaped bristles, abdomen, less than 40 pairs, after the edge of the central body is the anus. Scabies mites palatal body is very small, located in the trunk of the front half into the trunk, the chelicerae were clamp, suitable for edible skin keratin. Parasitic in the human body within the epidermis. It is absolutely parasitic, in appropriate host body, secreted protein decomposition and rodents eat the skin tissue, as a food source, rather than taking the blood, and the use of chelicerae and feet dug a tunnel in the skin. In the warm skin crawl speed 2.5cm/min.
Scabies insect life history is divided into egg, larva, nymph, adult four stages. Eggs oval, yellow, shell thin, translucent, often 4 to 6 eggs together in one place, the females dig in the middle of the tunnel. Discharge of stool when spawning, spawning, the adults die in the tunnel blind side. Larvae hatch from eggs and live in a tunnel, soon peeling into the adult, female nymphs and adult males after mating, females that lay eggs in the tunnel, while ovulation side forward, dig tunnels every day to move forward 0.5 ~ 5mm , migration is faster, eggs on the evacuation of the tunnel, the migration of slow, dense in the tunnel on the eggs. Another feature of scabies are nocturnal insects by day and, when active scabies mites and their droppings can cause mechanical irritation of skin itching, scabies mites as increased activity at night itching is usually more intense.
Scabies - epidemiology
The spread of scabies epidemic cycle
For 30 years, a popular end to the beginning of the next pandemic, the interval of 15 years.
Scabies predisposing factors
Poverty, poor hygiene, population density, sex dirty, etc.
Scabies - transmission
1, the direct infection
Directly with patients carrying scabies mites or animal infected after contact with the disease, is an important way to spread scabies. General home or unit, dormitory of scabies in patients after the others re-infection scabies are the way to the transmission of a highly infected population wide, adults, children, pregnant women, babies can be infected with scabies, all industries can lead to scabies spread of the disease, doctors, nurses, teachers, students, workers, civil servants, etc., occurred before the liberation of the poor living conditions in rural areas, raise the level of modern life, a lot of people and medical workers have neglected the occurrence and development of the disease, while the large urban migrants tended to increase.
2, indirect infection
Through indirect contact with scabies patients clothing, supplies, patients come into contact with furniture, goods and other infection, the most severe scabies spread strong enough to (scabies patients to take the money by other human contact are affected by scabies, bus scabies were arrested contact with other people over the railing will be infected with scabies), but a lot of people living with scabies patients without the disease, mainly related to the body's own immune system has a great influence. Incidence of scabies in patients with reduced immunity occurred in the case of their own.
Scabies - susceptible parts of the
Scabies mites tend to invade the fingers, wrists in front, Zhouye front, areola, female breast, the external genitalia, groin, inner thighs, lower back, buttocks and other parts of the skin soft.Scabies - pathogenesis
The formation of scabies scabies damage is caused by pregnant female scabies mites tunnel, itchy red papules Department larvae bore into the skin and directly due to the formation of blisters and pustules of scabies mites may be deposited in the cortical layer of the excretion of the table material as a substance acting on the epidermis and dermis capillaries due. Eczema-like reactions also increased from scabies mites and their products cause hypersensitivity, which means that the skin lesions of scabies scabies mite by direct or indirect effects caused by waste.
Scabies - the type of disease
Scabies 1. Adult scabies: The main symptoms are itching, red papules, Qiu herpes small blisters, tunnels, nodules and scarring.
2. Scabies elderly: severe itching of scabies mites response is weak, so no significant inflammatory response. Back common.
3. Infants and young children scabies; difficult to find tunnels and scabies mites, be rash not typical form, the head and face, pale and light in the tunnel, subtle, such as linear, mild inflammation and pink base, easily hydrated with disease, and easy to get a glimpse through the insect cuticle-point, white dot-like processes.
4. Nodular scabies: more common in the scrotum, buttocks, abdomen and thigh. Reddish brown to the festival, itching, a few months to 1 year or more before dissipating.
5. Norwegian scabies: (Norwegians cabies), also known as scabies scab resistance, this type of system 1844 Dabielsen, 1848 was first reported in a Norwegian scabies shaped, so called Norwegian scabies. Is an abnormal immune response. Mainly in frail patients. Expressed as dry skin, crusting, hyperkeratosis appeared scaly plaques of erythema, erosion can occur, pustules, odor, dry hair loss, nail thickening distorted, lymphadenopathy, scaly thick, severe illness, highly contagious.
6. Limitations of scabies.
Scabies - Clinical manifestationsneaosipu main symptoms scabies treatment1, consciously itching, worse at night. Paroxysmal nocturnal intense itching.2, the fingers can be seen scabies mites dig the tunnel, about 2 ~ 4mm, was gray-brown irregular curve. This is the scabies mites drill line traces.3, the rash occurs in the skin is thin and tender place, the size of lesions papules mainly corn or hill herpes.4, scabies nodules. In the scrotum, penis, labia, groin occurred soybean nodules the size of the red light, this is scabies nodules. Needless such nodules often prolonged, often accompanied by intense itching. Finally, genital scabies nodules.Associated symptoms1, the scratches blood scab. Because patients with scabies, itching, the patient unconsciously scratch, there are often scratches the skin and blood scab.2, secondary eczema of scabies mites secretions due to stimulate the skin, together with factors such as scratching, skin erythema, papules, blisters and other damage, which is of secondary eczema, often increase the itching.3, secondary infections due to scratching, poor sanitation, or hot weather, sweating, and other reasons, it is easy secondary skin infection, secondary impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis, superficial lymph nodes symptoms.4, secondary nephritis secondary infection as scabies, scabies and insect secretions and bacterial infections and other factors can be used as antigens in the human body, followed by nephritis. Patients may feel fatigue, edema, back pain, etc.Special performanceInfants and young children scabies; difficult to find scabies mites tunnel and should not form the typical rash occurs in the head and face pale and light in the tunnel, such as linear faint pink base with mild inflammation and disease prone and easily inflated with a glimpse through the insect cuticle point white dot-like processes.Adult scabies: The main symptoms are itching red papules Hill tunnel nodules and small blisters herpes scab.Scabies elderly: severe itching reaction to the scabies mites weak back so significantly more common in the inflammatory response.Nodular scabies: more common in the scrotum and buttocks thigh abdomen red-brown nodules itching for several months to 1 year or more before dissipating.Norwegian scabies: also known as the crusts of scabies is an abnormal immune response in frail patients with multiple skin showed hyperkeratosis dry scab appeared erythematous scaly patches of erosion can also occur off the nails dry pustules stench thickening hair scales thick twisted lymphadenopathy highly contagious severe illness.
Scabies - CheckLooking for tunnelScabies tunnel with blue ink drops in suspicious skin lesions on the tunnel, and then rub a cotton swab for 30 seconds to 1 minute, then clean the surface with alcohol cotton balls black trace, showing traces of dyed light blue tunnel.
Needle to pick sidesOn that side, palm wrist wrinkles and blisters, pustules, etc. to find scabies mites tunnel. Carefully to find the end of the tunnel and found a white worm-point, where the most easily identified scabies mites rash.
Methods: the 6th injection needles, needle and skin surface into a 10 ° ~ 20 ° angle, the needle bevel up mouth. Point at the end of the tunnel worm, about 1mm from the insect point of the needle perpendicular to the long axis of the tunnel, the bottom line to the point and bypass the insect larvae, and then dry flat needle (to 5 ° -10 °) a little rotation, scabies insects that fall into the mouth of the needle hole slot, prick the skin and the needle slowly (or direct withdrawal). Go to the water (or 10% KOH, NS) of the slide, and then check the scabies mites under the microscope.Scabies - Laboratory testsScraping the surface of the skin papules, blisters, etc. dander, microscopic scabies mites or eggs found; If you find the tunnel, can be used directly to closed-end needle prick, pick the naked eye can see a large gray dots needles, can be found under the microscope scabies mites.Scabies - DiagnosisIn the diagnosis of scabies, the doctor for check tests to determine the diagnosis of scabies. So how to make check tests to determine the diagnosis it? Scabies in adults and more hidden in the skin of the tunnel, so be sure to check the tests to find the tunnel, then cut with a blade tunnel, the scabies mites scraped off, put in slide, and with the microscopic examination, it is easy to find scabies mites. Generally more common in hand-stitched tunnel, and sometimes can also be found in the wrist tunnel. Tunnel is in fact a blind tube, slightly curved, the top has tiny black spots, this is the scabies mites.
Scabies - Treatment
Mainly outside the rule-based, generally do not need oral systemic medication. The treatment of scabies with particular attention to bedding, underwear disinfection.
Scabies - Treatment
Commonly used for external use
(1) sulfur ointment over the paint on the body from the neck the following, every night, once every 7 to 10 days. Adults, with 10% ointment of sulfur, sulfur 5% of children with ointment. Cayao period not bathe, do not change clothes. Observed 2 weeks after treatment to determine efficacy. If relapse should be treated.
(2) Scabies - Treatment
1% C-666, also known as scabies Ling cream, use half an hour to dry after bathing, Cayao 1, 24 hours after the bath can be. The drug is tasteless, odorless, non-stimulating drugs to kill the scabies mites, is effective, but absorbed through the skin potential hazards. Therefore, women, infants should not be used with broken skin are the best.
(3) Scabies - Treatment
30% sodium thiosulfate solution, the body Cayao 2 times a day, 1 week may be more.
