Lupus erythematosus is one of the autoimmune disease is a connective tissue disease range is divided into discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lupus erythematosus and other types of deep. Slow onset of lupus erythematosus, the incidence of insidious, clinical manifestations are diverse and changeable. Discoid lupus erythematosus damage to the local skin-based, systemic lupus erythematosus often involving multiple organs, and systems. Lupus patients is about 70% to 85% skin manifestations of lupus erythematosus has always been the focus of the study of dermatology.
Lupus erythematosus - disease name originFiled lupus erythematosus of the disease, many people know is an autoimmune disease, but if asked about the origin of the term lupus erythematosus, I am afraid that not everyone is clear. In the voluminous Chinese medicine books, see the end of its nonaggressive, only some scattered in the description on the symptoms of lupus erythematosus.
Comes from the Latin word lupus (lupus), before and after the 19th century had already appeared in Western medicine. But until the mid-19th century, a doctor named Carson Musharraf was formally use the medical term "lupus". But he said erythematosus refers only based on skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus. People see the disease in facial or other parts of the recurring intractable refractory skin lesions, atrophy, scarring, and plain to change on the basis of some still erythema, facial deformation, serious disfigurement looks like bitten by a wolf, so its name.
Later, with the continuous development of medical science, lupus erythematosus gradually deepened, so he proposed the naming of systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition to the typical skin lesions, systemic lupus erythematosus, including various systems of the body and organ damage, such as kidney, heart, liver, brain, lung.
Lupus erythematosus onset steady hide or abrupt onset of relatively dangerous and highly recurrent, delayed healing, haunted impermanence, just like a wolf is as cunning. Lupus patients the skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus typical discoid erythema in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus butterfly erythema, erythema multiforme, annular erythema, bullous erythema, some discoid erythema, So using lupus word naming the disease, both realistic image, but also has rich connotations.
Lupus erythematosus - the cause ofCauses of systemic lupus erythematosus, is not fully understood, generally considered to be multifactorial, and may be related to genetic, sex hormones, and environmental factors interact to cause immune dysfunction related. Numerous studies show that systemic lupus erythematosus have a genetic predisposition and familial disease aggregation. When a family member suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus, other members of the increased incidence, the incidence of 5% -12% of first-degree relatives (parents, brothers, sisters); identical twins compatriots systemic lupus erythematosus, rate of 25% - 70%, significantly higher than the 1% -3 cracking fraternal twins; the incidence of certain race was significantly higher than other ethnic groups, such as the high incidence of black people in the general population, three times ; human genetic studies have found that: the pathogenesis of certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and systemic lupus erythematosus; congenital complement C4 and C2 deficiency, but also prone to systemic lupus erythematosus.
Many rheumatologists are looking for disease genes that lead to systemic lupus erythematosus. Genetic factors as an internal, but also some external factors involved in possible onset. Systemic lupus erythematosus occurs in young women, the incidence rate of women of reproductive age is 9-13 times higher than their male counterparts, but before puberty and after menopause, female prevalence is low, only slightly higher than the male. A time when child-bearing age, young women, estrogen levels much higher than the general population. By a large number of studies have confirmed that the effect of estrogen on the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus plays an important role, it can suppress cellular immunity and increase the formation of autoantibodies. Clinical practice were also found in some patients after the onset of menstruation or postpartum onset, oral contraceptives containing estrogen can trigger the disease, about 1/3 of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus disease progression during pregnancy or after delivery, disease original mitigation into the activities of.
Significance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. About 40% of patients exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet light, visible facial butterfly erythema increased, or the emergence of new lesions or systemic symptoms have increased, a phenomenon known as light-sensitive. Sulfonamides, tetracycline and other drugs because it can induce light sensitive, and will therefore enhance the effects of UV. Containing psoralen foods such as celery, figs, etc., have enhanced the potential role of light-sensitive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus and viral infection. Extract type C virus antigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, liver, spleen and white blood cell organization, and composition similar to inclusion body parts found in the glomerular, vascular endothelial cells and skin damage, but has not yet been organized from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus isolated C-type virus. In addition, some people think, systemic lupus erythematosus and tuberculosis infection, streptococcal infection and other virus infections such as measles virus, Epstein-Barr virus and rubella virus infection, but there was no positive basis. The prevailing view was that environmental factors acting on a certain genetic background of the body, including the formation of sex hormones affect various factors. Therefore, the genetic quality of the strong, weak environmental stimuli can cause the disease, the contrary, the genetic quality, though not very strong, but environmental stimuli strong enough to cause disease.
1, genetic factorsHeredity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus genetic factors, the event induced conditions in some environments, it will trigger the disease. According to the survey, blacks, Asians suffering from lupus is higher than whites, the incidence of lupus family history can be as high as 5% -12% incidence of up to 69% with oviparous, and the different oviparous with populations less.
2, infection factorsInclusion bodies, and class inclusion body substances found in the glomerular endothelial cells and skin lesions of patients with SLE, anti-viral antibody titers in the serum increased separable C-type virus (lentivirus), in SLE animal models of NZB / NZW mouse tissue and measured type C virus-related antigens in the glomerular sediment. Therefore, the pathogenesis of SLE and certain viruses (especially slow virus) continued to slow infection.
3, endocrine factorsLupus erythematosus more often in women of childbearing age, and almost no gender differences in children and elderly patients. Male patients with testicular hypoplasia often occurs lupus, in lupus patients with both men and women have increased the product of estrone hydroxylation. Animal SLE model of NZB / NZW female mice in the mouse disease than the male re-use of androgen treatment can condition relief, but with estrogen therapy can disease progression, suggesting that estrogen in the pathogenesis of an impact.
4, environmental factorsEnvironmental factors directly induced lupus erythematosus factors, including physical and chemical aspects. Physical factors such as ultraviolet irradiation, chemical factors such as drugs, some drugs can cause drug-induced lupus erythematosus aggravated.
Comes from the Latin word lupus (lupus), before and after the 19th century had already appeared in Western medicine. But until the mid-19th century, a doctor named Carson Musharraf was formally use the medical term "lupus". But he said erythematosus refers only based on skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus. People see the disease in facial or other parts of the recurring intractable refractory skin lesions, atrophy, scarring, and plain to change on the basis of some still erythema, facial deformation, serious disfigurement looks like bitten by a wolf, so its name.
Later, with the continuous development of medical science, lupus erythematosus gradually deepened, so he proposed the naming of systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition to the typical skin lesions, systemic lupus erythematosus, including various systems of the body and organ damage, such as kidney, heart, liver, brain, lung.
Lupus erythematosus onset steady hide or abrupt onset of relatively dangerous and highly recurrent, delayed healing, haunted impermanence, just like a wolf is as cunning. Lupus patients the skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus typical discoid erythema in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus butterfly erythema, erythema multiforme, annular erythema, bullous erythema, some discoid erythema, So using lupus word naming the disease, both realistic image, but also has rich connotations.
Lupus erythematosus - the cause ofCauses of systemic lupus erythematosus, is not fully understood, generally considered to be multifactorial, and may be related to genetic, sex hormones, and environmental factors interact to cause immune dysfunction related. Numerous studies show that systemic lupus erythematosus have a genetic predisposition and familial disease aggregation. When a family member suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus, other members of the increased incidence, the incidence of 5% -12% of first-degree relatives (parents, brothers, sisters); identical twins compatriots systemic lupus erythematosus, rate of 25% - 70%, significantly higher than the 1% -3 cracking fraternal twins; the incidence of certain race was significantly higher than other ethnic groups, such as the high incidence of black people in the general population, three times ; human genetic studies have found that: the pathogenesis of certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and systemic lupus erythematosus; congenital complement C4 and C2 deficiency, but also prone to systemic lupus erythematosus.
Many rheumatologists are looking for disease genes that lead to systemic lupus erythematosus. Genetic factors as an internal, but also some external factors involved in possible onset. Systemic lupus erythematosus occurs in young women, the incidence rate of women of reproductive age is 9-13 times higher than their male counterparts, but before puberty and after menopause, female prevalence is low, only slightly higher than the male. A time when child-bearing age, young women, estrogen levels much higher than the general population. By a large number of studies have confirmed that the effect of estrogen on the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus plays an important role, it can suppress cellular immunity and increase the formation of autoantibodies. Clinical practice were also found in some patients after the onset of menstruation or postpartum onset, oral contraceptives containing estrogen can trigger the disease, about 1/3 of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus disease progression during pregnancy or after delivery, disease original mitigation into the activities of.
Significance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. About 40% of patients exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet light, visible facial butterfly erythema increased, or the emergence of new lesions or systemic symptoms have increased, a phenomenon known as light-sensitive. Sulfonamides, tetracycline and other drugs because it can induce light sensitive, and will therefore enhance the effects of UV. Containing psoralen foods such as celery, figs, etc., have enhanced the potential role of light-sensitive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus and viral infection. Extract type C virus antigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, liver, spleen and white blood cell organization, and composition similar to inclusion body parts found in the glomerular, vascular endothelial cells and skin damage, but has not yet been organized from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus isolated C-type virus. In addition, some people think, systemic lupus erythematosus and tuberculosis infection, streptococcal infection and other virus infections such as measles virus, Epstein-Barr virus and rubella virus infection, but there was no positive basis. The prevailing view was that environmental factors acting on a certain genetic background of the body, including the formation of sex hormones affect various factors. Therefore, the genetic quality of the strong, weak environmental stimuli can cause the disease, the contrary, the genetic quality, though not very strong, but environmental stimuli strong enough to cause disease.
1, genetic factorsHeredity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus genetic factors, the event induced conditions in some environments, it will trigger the disease. According to the survey, blacks, Asians suffering from lupus is higher than whites, the incidence of lupus family history can be as high as 5% -12% incidence of up to 69% with oviparous, and the different oviparous with populations less.
2, infection factorsInclusion bodies, and class inclusion body substances found in the glomerular endothelial cells and skin lesions of patients with SLE, anti-viral antibody titers in the serum increased separable C-type virus (lentivirus), in SLE animal models of NZB / NZW mouse tissue and measured type C virus-related antigens in the glomerular sediment. Therefore, the pathogenesis of SLE and certain viruses (especially slow virus) continued to slow infection.
3, endocrine factorsLupus erythematosus more often in women of childbearing age, and almost no gender differences in children and elderly patients. Male patients with testicular hypoplasia often occurs lupus, in lupus patients with both men and women have increased the product of estrone hydroxylation. Animal SLE model of NZB / NZW female mice in the mouse disease than the male re-use of androgen treatment can condition relief, but with estrogen therapy can disease progression, suggesting that estrogen in the pathogenesis of an impact.
4, environmental factorsEnvironmental factors directly induced lupus erythematosus factors, including physical and chemical aspects. Physical factors such as ultraviolet irradiation, chemical factors such as drugs, some drugs can cause drug-induced lupus erythematosus aggravated.
Lupus erythematosus - ClassificationClassification of lupus erythematosus, history of a variety of different ways: as Bundick and Eilis classification adopted in the 1950s:
1, the limitations of discoid lupus erythematosus,
2, disseminated lupus erythematosus, but also further divided into acute, subacute and chronic disseminated lupus erythematosus (disseminated discoid lupus erythematosus).
Lupus erythematosus with the progress of the disease and the deepening of the future appeared a lot of different classification methods. Mr. Kitamura, depending on the nature of skin lesions of the disease is divided into:An incomplete type (disappointments type)2, chronic discoid dry type,3, chronic discoid exudative4, pigment hyperplastic(5), chronic disseminated,(6), acute disseminated.
Martin is this disease are divided into:A hidden lupus erythematosus,2, specific lesions without symptoms,3, the specific lesions and systematic symptoms,4, there are those of the systemic symptoms and no specific lesions.
Gilliam is with or without symptoms other than skin lesions, and lesions Category:1, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE), subdivided into localized discoid lupus erythematosus; pan-occurrence of discoid lupus erythematosus; hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus; the deep part of the spot lupus2, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)Erythema, acute lupus erythematosus, subdivision surface (zygomatic); the face, scalp, neck, upper chest, shoulder and arm extensor surface and back of erythema; large sores or toxic epidermal dry solution of the kind of damage.
Well as the proposal only to lupus is divided into two types, ie, discoid lupus erythematosus (limitations of discoid type and generalized discoid type) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Some have argued that the discoid type to cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Actual study was that the lupus Department of the same disease spectrum of disease, localized discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is only the two extreme types of the disease spectrum, the middle of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and deep lupus erythematosus (LEP) [3].Lupus erythematosus - diagnostic criteriaCollege of Rheumatology meeting in 1985, the Shanghai College of Rheumatology is commissioned by the National College of Rheumatology, the application of computers and modern immunology technology is the combination of work out of 13 lupus diagnostic criteria, and medical schools by 27 different regions or provinces level hospitals is verified, the method for diagnosis of early or atypical lupus erythematosus, has universal application, and in 1987 as lupus erythematosus standard load of tertiary institutions in medical textbooks.
Lupus erythematosus, butterfly erythema or discoid erythema.2, the light-sensitive x10 '/ l, or hemolytic anemia.
3, oral mucosal ulcers.4, the non-deformed arthritis or joint pain.5, pleurisy or pericarditis.6, epilepsy or mental symptoms.7, proteinuria, tubular urine or hematuria.8, white blood cells less than 4x10 '/ l or platelets less than 100.9, fluorescent antinuclear antibodies.
10, positive anti-double stranded DNA antibodies or LE cells.
11, anti-Sm antibodies.
12, O reduced.
13, the skin lupus band test positive or biopsy-positive (non-lesional skin).
Comply with any four of the 13, can be diagnosed as lupus erythematosus.International systemic lupus erythematosus pilot diagnostic criteriaThis standard is developed by the American College of Rheumatology in 1971. The Society in view of rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus in the United States as well as the increase in the incidence of neighboring countries, Canada, Mexico and other countries, to be from these diseases distinguish the disease is characterized by standardization, the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus Thus, under the assistance of the U.S. National 52 outpatient rheumatologists and other U.S. hospitals, the application of more accurate methods of diagnosis. Looking for in these patients is similar to systemic lupus erythematosus, and typical of rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis compared with some other non-rheumatic, and then extracted from 21 clinical features, summed up the 14 standards.
Systemic lupus erythematosus pilot diagnostic criteria as follows:1, facial butterfly erythema, diffuse erythema, flat or high from the cheekbones or nose, can be unilateral.Discoid erythema associated with adhesion of scales and hair follicle mouth tied, some of the damage may appear to shrink the scar, such damages can also be found in other parts of the exception of the face.
3, Raynaud's phenomenon, observed in two colors.4, hair loss, history, and hospital observed a large number of rapid hair loss.5, light sensitivity, medical history or doctor observed the reaction to the skin of patients exposed to the sun.6, oral or nasopharyngeal District ulcers.7, arthritis (non-deformed), one or more of any malformation of the peripheral joint involvement:
(1) sports pain;
② tenderness;
The ③ leakage or joint soft tissue swelling.8, cells of lupus, two or more typical lupus erythematosus cells, seen in a vision, or a cell in two or more field of vision to see recognized.9, persistent syphilis serology experimental false positive.10, proteinuria, over 3.5 grams per day.11, the cell tube, red blood cells, hemoglobin, particles, tubular, or mixed type.12, one or both of:
① pleuritis: pleural history of pain or as a medical diagnosis; or both sides of the X-ray examination of pleural thickening or effusion.
② pericarditis: being confirmed by the ECG.13, the following one or two, no hematuria, drug-induced:
① mental illness.
② convulsions.14, one or both of:
(1) hemolytic anemia.
1000 / cubic millimeter (2) leukopenia, thrombocytopenia less than 10,000.
The above criteria is established to facilitate the clinical observations, to check on residents as well as other research to provide a preliminary standard. If a patient in which four or more symptoms appear, will be diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient as a future continuous observation and regular check-object. Take this standard in screening patients, residents, more than 90% sensitive.Development of this standard on the world of the WHO screening for domestic residents have applied this standard to verify the accuracy of the standard, and the academic and research institutions.
The systematic classification standard definition:Malar rash around the neck of the flat or higher than the skin fixed erythema, often involving the nasolabial fold area.Discoid erythema uplift erythema covered with horny scales and hair follicle damage, normalized lesion of skin atrophy.3, light allergy sunlight cause skin irritation., Mouth ulcers, mouth or nasopharynx painless ulcer.5, arthritis, non-erosive arthritis, involving more than two or two peripheral joints, characterized by joint swelling, pain or exudate.6, serositis pleurisy: chest pain, pleural friction sound or pleural effusion; pericarditis, abnormal electrocardiogram, pericardial friction sound or pericardial effusion.7, kidney disease proteinuria> 0.5g/dl or 3; cell tube for red blood cells, hemoglobin, granular casts or mixed casts.8, neurological abnormalities, convulsions: non-drug, or metabolic disorders, such as uremia, ketoacidosis, or electrolyte imbalance due; mental illness: non-drug, or metabolic disorders, such as uremia, ketoacidosis, or electrolyte imbalance due to9, hematologic abnormalities hemolytic anemia with reticulocytes increased; white blood cells <4 × 103 / L, at least 2 times; lymphocytes <1.5 × 109 / L, at least 2 times, thrombocytopenia <100 x 109 / L (except the influence of drugs).10, immunological abnormalities of lupus cells positive; anti-double stranded DNA antibodies; anti-sm antibody positive; nuclear mildew false positive serum test.11, anti-nuclear antibody immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody titer or equivalent, abnormal, other tests titer of the Act to exclude drug-induced lupus
1, the limitations of discoid lupus erythematosus,
2, disseminated lupus erythematosus, but also further divided into acute, subacute and chronic disseminated lupus erythematosus (disseminated discoid lupus erythematosus).
Lupus erythematosus with the progress of the disease and the deepening of the future appeared a lot of different classification methods. Mr. Kitamura, depending on the nature of skin lesions of the disease is divided into:An incomplete type (disappointments type)2, chronic discoid dry type,3, chronic discoid exudative4, pigment hyperplastic(5), chronic disseminated,(6), acute disseminated.
Martin is this disease are divided into:A hidden lupus erythematosus,2, specific lesions without symptoms,3, the specific lesions and systematic symptoms,4, there are those of the systemic symptoms and no specific lesions.
Gilliam is with or without symptoms other than skin lesions, and lesions Category:1, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE), subdivided into localized discoid lupus erythematosus; pan-occurrence of discoid lupus erythematosus; hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus; the deep part of the spot lupus2, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)Erythema, acute lupus erythematosus, subdivision surface (zygomatic); the face, scalp, neck, upper chest, shoulder and arm extensor surface and back of erythema; large sores or toxic epidermal dry solution of the kind of damage.
Well as the proposal only to lupus is divided into two types, ie, discoid lupus erythematosus (limitations of discoid type and generalized discoid type) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Some have argued that the discoid type to cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Actual study was that the lupus Department of the same disease spectrum of disease, localized discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is only the two extreme types of the disease spectrum, the middle of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and deep lupus erythematosus (LEP) [3].Lupus erythematosus - diagnostic criteriaCollege of Rheumatology meeting in 1985, the Shanghai College of Rheumatology is commissioned by the National College of Rheumatology, the application of computers and modern immunology technology is the combination of work out of 13 lupus diagnostic criteria, and medical schools by 27 different regions or provinces level hospitals is verified, the method for diagnosis of early or atypical lupus erythematosus, has universal application, and in 1987 as lupus erythematosus standard load of tertiary institutions in medical textbooks.
Lupus erythematosus, butterfly erythema or discoid erythema.2, the light-sensitive x10 '/ l, or hemolytic anemia.
3, oral mucosal ulcers.4, the non-deformed arthritis or joint pain.5, pleurisy or pericarditis.6, epilepsy or mental symptoms.7, proteinuria, tubular urine or hematuria.8, white blood cells less than 4x10 '/ l or platelets less than 100.9, fluorescent antinuclear antibodies.
10, positive anti-double stranded DNA antibodies or LE cells.
11, anti-Sm antibodies.
12, O reduced.
13, the skin lupus band test positive or biopsy-positive (non-lesional skin).
Comply with any four of the 13, can be diagnosed as lupus erythematosus.International systemic lupus erythematosus pilot diagnostic criteriaThis standard is developed by the American College of Rheumatology in 1971. The Society in view of rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus in the United States as well as the increase in the incidence of neighboring countries, Canada, Mexico and other countries, to be from these diseases distinguish the disease is characterized by standardization, the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus Thus, under the assistance of the U.S. National 52 outpatient rheumatologists and other U.S. hospitals, the application of more accurate methods of diagnosis. Looking for in these patients is similar to systemic lupus erythematosus, and typical of rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis compared with some other non-rheumatic, and then extracted from 21 clinical features, summed up the 14 standards.
Systemic lupus erythematosus pilot diagnostic criteria as follows:1, facial butterfly erythema, diffuse erythema, flat or high from the cheekbones or nose, can be unilateral.Discoid erythema associated with adhesion of scales and hair follicle mouth tied, some of the damage may appear to shrink the scar, such damages can also be found in other parts of the exception of the face.
3, Raynaud's phenomenon, observed in two colors.4, hair loss, history, and hospital observed a large number of rapid hair loss.5, light sensitivity, medical history or doctor observed the reaction to the skin of patients exposed to the sun.6, oral or nasopharyngeal District ulcers.7, arthritis (non-deformed), one or more of any malformation of the peripheral joint involvement:
(1) sports pain;
② tenderness;
The ③ leakage or joint soft tissue swelling.8, cells of lupus, two or more typical lupus erythematosus cells, seen in a vision, or a cell in two or more field of vision to see recognized.9, persistent syphilis serology experimental false positive.10, proteinuria, over 3.5 grams per day.11, the cell tube, red blood cells, hemoglobin, particles, tubular, or mixed type.12, one or both of:
① pleuritis: pleural history of pain or as a medical diagnosis; or both sides of the X-ray examination of pleural thickening or effusion.
② pericarditis: being confirmed by the ECG.13, the following one or two, no hematuria, drug-induced:
① mental illness.
② convulsions.14, one or both of:
(1) hemolytic anemia.
1000 / cubic millimeter (2) leukopenia, thrombocytopenia less than 10,000.
The above criteria is established to facilitate the clinical observations, to check on residents as well as other research to provide a preliminary standard. If a patient in which four or more symptoms appear, will be diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient as a future continuous observation and regular check-object. Take this standard in screening patients, residents, more than 90% sensitive.Development of this standard on the world of the WHO screening for domestic residents have applied this standard to verify the accuracy of the standard, and the academic and research institutions.
The systematic classification standard definition:Malar rash around the neck of the flat or higher than the skin fixed erythema, often involving the nasolabial fold area.Discoid erythema uplift erythema covered with horny scales and hair follicle damage, normalized lesion of skin atrophy.3, light allergy sunlight cause skin irritation., Mouth ulcers, mouth or nasopharynx painless ulcer.5, arthritis, non-erosive arthritis, involving more than two or two peripheral joints, characterized by joint swelling, pain or exudate.6, serositis pleurisy: chest pain, pleural friction sound or pleural effusion; pericarditis, abnormal electrocardiogram, pericardial friction sound or pericardial effusion.7, kidney disease proteinuria> 0.5g/dl or 3; cell tube for red blood cells, hemoglobin, granular casts or mixed casts.8, neurological abnormalities, convulsions: non-drug, or metabolic disorders, such as uremia, ketoacidosis, or electrolyte imbalance due; mental illness: non-drug, or metabolic disorders, such as uremia, ketoacidosis, or electrolyte imbalance due to9, hematologic abnormalities hemolytic anemia with reticulocytes increased; white blood cells <4 × 103 / L, at least 2 times; lymphocytes <1.5 × 109 / L, at least 2 times, thrombocytopenia <100 x 109 / L (except the influence of drugs).10, immunological abnormalities of lupus cells positive; anti-double stranded DNA antibodies; anti-sm antibody positive; nuclear mildew false positive serum test.11, anti-nuclear antibody immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody titer or equivalent, abnormal, other tests titer of the Act to exclude drug-induced lupus
Lupus erythematosus - clinical performance
Clinical manifestations of lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus
1, erythema, rash showed a diverse type. Zygomatic facial butterfly erythema and a week, the tip of finger edema and erythema of SLE features performance. The shape of discoid erythema, annular erythema, edema, erythema, erythema multiforme. Red pimples, rash, generally do not itch or slight itching can occur in several parts of the body. Light sensitive, and about 1/3 of patients once the sun appears to facial redness or sun allergy rash.Heat: high heat, medium heat, low heat, etc. may occur, fever missed heat; fever was irregular fever, or fever low heat alternating.3, mucosal ulceration and hair loss: membrane damage, involving the lips, tongue, cheek, etc., painless ulcer; the hair dull, dry, brittle, sparse, referred to as "lupus hair".4, Raynaud's phenomenon: two hand-foot-symmetrically by pale, cyanotic flushing sequence have emerged from the cold-induced, and more in the winter.5, arthritis: often joint pain and muscle pain, were migratory, symmetry. Joint pain before the onset of soft tissue swelling, tenderness, and effusion of the joint affected parts of the common proximal finger joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, wrist, elbow, knee, toe section.Vasculitis: hands feet may be large areas of petechiae. Tip of finger, toes, depression, ulcers, necrosis. Very few can cause obliterans of the dorsalis pedis artery, accompanied by pain. The legs can occur livedo reticularis and flake green purple.7, heart damage: patients may be associated with pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, sometimes heart failure. May have chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations.8, lung damage: cough, shortness of breath, usually without phlegm, may be fever, severe lung damage and even respiratory failure. Lung damage in patients prone to repeated secondary infection and worse, obstructive emphysema, bronchial pneumonia, respiratory failure, pulmonary encephalopathy, and pulmonary heart disease with pulmonary empty hemoptysis.Kidney damage: for the earlier common, is the most important organ damage, is also the main cause of death of systemic lupus erythematosus. Visible clinical performance of a variety of nephritis. Early urine tube-type protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, a small number of patients. Early mild glomerulonephritis often slight hematuria based. Part of acute lupus glomerulonephritis, urine protein, white blood cells, red blood cells more, accompanied by edema, hypertension, azotemia. Late renal dysfunction in nephrotic syndrome, manifested as a large number of proteins in the urine, edema, hypoalbuminemia or uremia, severe cases, renal failure has died.10, brain damage: can cause a variety of mental disorders, such as irritability, insomnia, hallucinations, suspicion, delusions, obsessions, etc.; headache and migraine is an earlier onset of symptoms, lupus encephalitis, lupus patients with meningitis may have headache, nausea, vomiting, epileptic convulsions, coma, convulsions, and can cause hemiplegia, paraplegia, etc..11, eye lesions: visual impairment.12, irregular menstruation.
Discoid lupus erythematosus clinical manifestationsThe rash occurs on exposed parts, such as the zygomatic, the tip of the nose, nose, nose, lips, head, neck, chest and back on upper limb extensor side of the back of the hand, finger (toe) back, heel, etc.. Since the beginning of one or a few small circular red rash or pimples, the gradual expansion of rounded or irregular-shaped plaque, rash was light red or dark red, and may be associated with telangiectasia overlying scaly, peeling to the scales below squamous keratinocytes tied, skin lesions clear boundary slightly higher from the central atrophy slight depression in the discoid. 20% to 25% of patients the incidence of dental damage, lower lip, gum and buccal mucosa are more prone to involvement. Lip damage, lip more common, often forming a gray-erosion surface or shallow ulcers. Scalp damage with scarring can cause permanent hair loss. The sun or tired of the disease worse. Usually no systemic symptoms, a few may have mild fever, fatigue and joint pain or muscle pain. The course of chronic, rarely subside spontaneously, sometimes with secondary cancer, 5% of discoid lupus erythematosus can be converted to systemic lupus erythematosus [5].
Lupus erythematosus - treatmentCinnamon adrenal cortex hormones: adrenal cortex hormones: faster suppression of the immune response and a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Is the most commonly prescribed drugs. Of the impact of hormone therapy in recent years to improve the response rate of critically ill patients, but the hormone also has many side effects, leading to obesity, hirsutism, various infections, high blood pressure, glaucoma, diabetes, gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding, psychiatric symptoms, osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis.
Lupus erythematosus patients in the application of hormone therapy, because of the increase of exogenous hormones, can inhibit the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal system, significantly reduced the amount of anterior pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol secretion to reduce the cortical gland atrophy these patients need long-term use of hormones to maintain treatment, and the stress of diminished capacity, prone to colds and various infections, by trauma, cold stimulation, mental stimulation, surgical treatment of other diseases, stress, due to the hormones secretion, on the one hand, may be induced lupus erythematosus occur or worsen, on the other hand there will be fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, low blood sugar reaction, the lack of symptoms such as muscle and joint pain in the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones, these symptoms belong to the yang of Chinese medicine. the Vital Huoshuai the performance, and application of Chinese medicine kidney yang treatment can prevent the adrenal atrophy, and restore the secretion of the adrenal cortex function, you can choose Jinkuishenqiwan, or Youguiyin, etc. drugs in clinical Morinda meat Epimedium, Dodder, cinnamon, Cynomorium drugs Jiantang send Jinkuishenqiwan treatment, these drugs have the role of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, long-term use can make in hormone levels, some patients with mild or required a small amount of hormones to maintain patients after treatment section can be disabled hormone.
Immunosuppressants: lupus autoimmune rheumatic autoimmune response closely related to the occurrence and development of systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly used immunosuppressive agents in the clinical treatment of lupus erythematosus. Cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, Tripterygium polyglycoside and other commonly used immunosuppressants, the main side effects of these drugs have gastrointestinal side effects, and blood system damage, the response of the urinary system, reproductive effects, hair loss, increase tumor incidence. And pay attention so that patients living environment of stability and health, to avoid the exogenous application of these drugs should strictly follow the physicians' orders, giving digestible and nutritious diet and gastrointestinal side effects, attention given to protect the gastrointestinal drug, and pay attention to on a regular basis submission of blood, urine and liver function. In the application of these drugs, instruct patient to drink plenty of water, promote drug excretion, and reduce the side effects of drugs.
Plasma exchange: plasma exchange, double filtration plasma adsorption: a rapid decline in blood antibodies and immune complexes rapidly improve the condition, but still a short-term palliative expedient therapy required with the application of hormones and immunosuppressive agents. Concurrent infection, coagulopathy, water and electrolyte imbalance, and other side effects. And expensive.
Plasmapheresis method is suitable for severe lupus erythematosus associated with high levels of circulating immune complexes and acute diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and glomerular sclerosis in patients with severe.
The plasmapheresis France lupus erythematosus blood to the introduction of a plasmapheresis device, the separated plasma was discarded, the supplement of fresh plasma or substitutes, such as 4% human serum albumin and Ringer's solution. To help clear soluble immune complexes and some antibody in some patients receiving this treatment the high level of circulating immune complexes before treatment, after treatment decreased significantly, and often get a good recent treatment. Plasmapheresis method in the treatment process prone to infection, coagulation disorders and complications such as water and electrolyte disturbance, this therapy can only be used as short-term adjuvant therapy in lupus treatment, not long-term use. Plasma exchange therapy can only clear the existing plasma immune complexes, but can not prevent these substances generated when treatment with hormones and immunosuppressive agents, in order to ensure safe and reliable treatment method: 1 to 1.5 liters per replacement, every 2 to 6 liters, divided 2 to 4 times, repeat 2 to 3 weeks for a course.
Immune purification: With the development of modern medicine, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases, more and more attention. The common feature of these diseases, immune disorders, the body produces a large number of autoantibodies and immune complexes. Common hormones and immunosuppressant drugs such as treatment of autoimmune diseases, immune purification therapy is carried out in order to improve drug efficacy, remission of disease progression and relapse prevention has played a good role. Immune purification therapy is the acquisition of the patient's blood through the machine running the program, and pathological components separation and removal, to reduce or remove the pathogenic role of the pathological component of patient and adjustment and recovery of the patient's physiological functions. Commonly used immune purification therapy, including plasmapheresis, immunoadsorption, and lymphocyte / monocyte ablation. Pathological component replacement can be lymphocytes, granulocytes, immunoglobulin, or plasma. Plasma exchange in the blood there are a large number of autoantibodies and immune complexes of patients with autoimmune diseases, the so-called pathological component refers to the abnormal immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM), complement (C3, C4), circulating immune complexes (CIC ), antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Autoimmune diseases and lymphocyte dysfunction is closely related to pure lymphocyte ablation can remove pathogenic lymphocytes, to suppress the cellular immune response and inhibit immunoglobulin produced by a certain extent.
Immune purification treatment is a minimally invasive, rapid apparent efficacy of treatment. High titers of autoantibodies in the medical therapy ineffective or blood of patients with autoimmune disease, so long as the time is reasonable, and proper operation, with reasonable medical treatment, the vast majority of the patient's condition can be long-term remission. For security reasons, the patient body system function check is also essential to ensure that no serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, normal serum albumin level, blood as normal, no bleeding tendency and infection. Purification therapy in patients with possible immune meet the above criteria.Immune purification therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (in particular the effect of severe intractable autoimmune disease), and operating under aseptic conditions, do not enter the external plasma components, so you can ensure that no iatrogenic infection, a kind of good auxiliary treatment.
Stem cell transplantation: - peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for treatment of autoimmune diseaseSince the 1990s, many scholars at home and abroad hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The past five years with approximately 500 cases of patients with autoimmune disease who received autologous stem cell transplantation. Where most of the conventional treatment of refractory disease. Peripheral blood stem cell transplant patient selection is very important, the main indication for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and severe rheumatoid arthritis. Autologous stem cell transplantation is effective in some patients, but the tendency of recurrence and a certain risk. Its safety and long-term effect needs further study.Gamma globulin, bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy: globulin intravenous injection of large doses of antibodies and closed the role of treatment with hormones and immunosuppressive agents can not control the refractory patients at home and abroad to have a successful experience. This method is very different for different patients efficacy, there are some side effects. Expensive application is limited.Bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy is still preliminary.
The drug treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus are the following:(1) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mostly used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, fever, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue and other symptoms, and no obvious internal organs or blood to the affected patients with mild . Proper use of these drugs can relieve symptoms, reduce the dosage and side effects of adrenal cortical hormone. Ibuprofen, Yi Mei Li, Moby can, diclofenac (Voltaren, Dai-fen, the British too green, Ao Sike, diclofenac pain), tea & P ketone, and so can choose to apply. This class of drugs gastrointestinal reactions, kidney damage, elevated liver enzymes and other adverse reactions, treatment should not be too long. Kidney disease patients with systemic lupus erythematosus should be used with caution so as not to aggravate kidney damage.
(2) anti-malarial drugs: antimalarials chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti photosensitivity and the role of stable nucleoprotein. Particularly suitable for systemic lupus erythematosus patients with fever, arthritis, skin rashes, and slow and stabilize the lupus non-fatal disease progression. Such as prednisone (prednisone) with the use, you can reduce the dose of prednisone. The main symptoms of arthritis, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The commonly used dose of chloroquine 0. 25 g, 1 day service; hydroxychloroquine 0. 2 - 0. 4 g daily in 1 - 2 times service. Some patients can service five days a week. When the symptom control can be replaced by the next day medication, or two days a week service. General after taking 1-2 months to reach peak effect. Antimalarial drug excretion is slow, affinity organizations, especially in the eye, causing corneal deposits and retinal lesions, such as timely withdrawal can be reversed. General should take your medicine every six months for an eye examination.
(3) intravenous adrenal cortical Xi factors: the major drug for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, a powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immunosuppressive effects. Dramatically the incidence of multi-system damage in lupus, other methods can not control non-infectious lupus fever, significantly reduce the blood cells, nephritis, central nervous system lesions, interstitial pneumonia and severe hepatitis. Dosage, route of administration and treatment of adrenal cortical hormone, to be based on the severity of the patient's general condition, concomitant medications, and response to treatment. Generally prednisone (prednisone) per day per kilogram of body weight. 5 - 2 mg. When the acute active systemic lupus erythematosus clinical and laboratory parameters of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, proteinuria, hemolytic well controlled, you can consider the reduction. After 6 - 12 months of treatment, most patients can be reduced to less than 15 mg a day, and then to minimize the amount of daily 5-7. 5 mg to maintain, if necessary, in combination with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Hormone administration time, usually in the acute phase or activity of a total of three - four times, every 6 - 8 hours of administration as well, in stable condition, it can focus in every morning doses. Available for acute critically ill patients, methylprednisolone intravenous pulse therapy (methylprednisolone): Average daily intravenous infusion of 1 g, within three hours drop people for 2-3 days or every other day for 2 - 3 times for treatment. Impact treatment can have short-term effect of strengthening the role of hormones. The impact of administration should continue oral general the dose or dose, and continue to stop the impact of the original dose. The main complications of this therapy for the infection, so infection and nutrition, the poor should not use this method. In addition, the drip too fast can lead to reactive arthropathy and even lead to arrhythmia and death.
Immunosuppressant (4) immunosuppressive drugs: for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, benzene chlorambucil (aka CBl348), methotrexate, vincristine, and cyclosporine hormone (cyclosporine). Commonly used in severe and refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and central nervous system lupus. Almost do not need this type of lupus arthritis medication, unless a very small number of destructive arthritis, can be selected with MTX.In addition, there are a number related to the immunological treatment, such as plasma exchange and immunoadsorption therapy, large doses of immune globulin intravenous pulse therapy, white blood cell replacement therapy, etc., is still in research stage.
Chloroquine after oral administration, mainly gathered in the skin can inhibit the combination of DNA and anti-DNA antibodies of, on the rash, light sensitivity, and joint symptoms of a certain effect, chloroquine phosphate 250-500mg / d, long-term taking due to savings in the body, can cause retinal degenerative changed. The early withdrawal relapse, should regularly check the eyes.
Glucocorticoids: is the main drug for the treatment of this disease, acute or fulminant cases, major organs such as heart, brain, lung, kidney, serosal involvement, the occurrence of the autoimmune hemolytic or thrombocytopenic blood tendency , glucocorticoids.
Usage, there are two, one small dose, such as 0.5mg/kg/d, and even then choose can make half the amount of the remission. Second, large doses at the beginning, with 10 - 15mg / d to maintain. Reduction in the rebound condition, the dose before the application of reduction plus 5mg be maintained. High-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy can be applied to the outbreak or refractory lupus nephritis and central nervous system lesions of God, 1000mg / d intravenously, halved three days later, and then re-use of prednisone to maintain. Some cases can obtain good effect, the side effects such as hypertension, susceptible to infection, attention should be paid.
Immunosuppressants: the first for relapse or steroid hormone reduction effective but required excessive serious side effects, as well as lupus nephritis, lupus encephalopathy embolism is difficult to single cases of hormonal control. Such as the cyclophosphamide .15-2.5mg/kg/d, intravenously or orally, or 200mg every other day use. Toxicity is bone marrow suppression, gonadal atrophy, teratogenicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, and alopecia. It should be noted, cytotoxic drugs, and not a substitute for the hormone
Clinical manifestations of lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus
1, erythema, rash showed a diverse type. Zygomatic facial butterfly erythema and a week, the tip of finger edema and erythema of SLE features performance. The shape of discoid erythema, annular erythema, edema, erythema, erythema multiforme. Red pimples, rash, generally do not itch or slight itching can occur in several parts of the body. Light sensitive, and about 1/3 of patients once the sun appears to facial redness or sun allergy rash.Heat: high heat, medium heat, low heat, etc. may occur, fever missed heat; fever was irregular fever, or fever low heat alternating.3, mucosal ulceration and hair loss: membrane damage, involving the lips, tongue, cheek, etc., painless ulcer; the hair dull, dry, brittle, sparse, referred to as "lupus hair".4, Raynaud's phenomenon: two hand-foot-symmetrically by pale, cyanotic flushing sequence have emerged from the cold-induced, and more in the winter.5, arthritis: often joint pain and muscle pain, were migratory, symmetry. Joint pain before the onset of soft tissue swelling, tenderness, and effusion of the joint affected parts of the common proximal finger joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, wrist, elbow, knee, toe section.Vasculitis: hands feet may be large areas of petechiae. Tip of finger, toes, depression, ulcers, necrosis. Very few can cause obliterans of the dorsalis pedis artery, accompanied by pain. The legs can occur livedo reticularis and flake green purple.7, heart damage: patients may be associated with pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, sometimes heart failure. May have chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations.8, lung damage: cough, shortness of breath, usually without phlegm, may be fever, severe lung damage and even respiratory failure. Lung damage in patients prone to repeated secondary infection and worse, obstructive emphysema, bronchial pneumonia, respiratory failure, pulmonary encephalopathy, and pulmonary heart disease with pulmonary empty hemoptysis.Kidney damage: for the earlier common, is the most important organ damage, is also the main cause of death of systemic lupus erythematosus. Visible clinical performance of a variety of nephritis. Early urine tube-type protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, a small number of patients. Early mild glomerulonephritis often slight hematuria based. Part of acute lupus glomerulonephritis, urine protein, white blood cells, red blood cells more, accompanied by edema, hypertension, azotemia. Late renal dysfunction in nephrotic syndrome, manifested as a large number of proteins in the urine, edema, hypoalbuminemia or uremia, severe cases, renal failure has died.10, brain damage: can cause a variety of mental disorders, such as irritability, insomnia, hallucinations, suspicion, delusions, obsessions, etc.; headache and migraine is an earlier onset of symptoms, lupus encephalitis, lupus patients with meningitis may have headache, nausea, vomiting, epileptic convulsions, coma, convulsions, and can cause hemiplegia, paraplegia, etc..11, eye lesions: visual impairment.12, irregular menstruation.
Discoid lupus erythematosus clinical manifestationsThe rash occurs on exposed parts, such as the zygomatic, the tip of the nose, nose, nose, lips, head, neck, chest and back on upper limb extensor side of the back of the hand, finger (toe) back, heel, etc.. Since the beginning of one or a few small circular red rash or pimples, the gradual expansion of rounded or irregular-shaped plaque, rash was light red or dark red, and may be associated with telangiectasia overlying scaly, peeling to the scales below squamous keratinocytes tied, skin lesions clear boundary slightly higher from the central atrophy slight depression in the discoid. 20% to 25% of patients the incidence of dental damage, lower lip, gum and buccal mucosa are more prone to involvement. Lip damage, lip more common, often forming a gray-erosion surface or shallow ulcers. Scalp damage with scarring can cause permanent hair loss. The sun or tired of the disease worse. Usually no systemic symptoms, a few may have mild fever, fatigue and joint pain or muscle pain. The course of chronic, rarely subside spontaneously, sometimes with secondary cancer, 5% of discoid lupus erythematosus can be converted to systemic lupus erythematosus [5].
Lupus erythematosus - treatmentCinnamon adrenal cortex hormones: adrenal cortex hormones: faster suppression of the immune response and a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Is the most commonly prescribed drugs. Of the impact of hormone therapy in recent years to improve the response rate of critically ill patients, but the hormone also has many side effects, leading to obesity, hirsutism, various infections, high blood pressure, glaucoma, diabetes, gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding, psychiatric symptoms, osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis.
Lupus erythematosus patients in the application of hormone therapy, because of the increase of exogenous hormones, can inhibit the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal system, significantly reduced the amount of anterior pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol secretion to reduce the cortical gland atrophy these patients need long-term use of hormones to maintain treatment, and the stress of diminished capacity, prone to colds and various infections, by trauma, cold stimulation, mental stimulation, surgical treatment of other diseases, stress, due to the hormones secretion, on the one hand, may be induced lupus erythematosus occur or worsen, on the other hand there will be fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, low blood sugar reaction, the lack of symptoms such as muscle and joint pain in the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones, these symptoms belong to the yang of Chinese medicine. the Vital Huoshuai the performance, and application of Chinese medicine kidney yang treatment can prevent the adrenal atrophy, and restore the secretion of the adrenal cortex function, you can choose Jinkuishenqiwan, or Youguiyin, etc. drugs in clinical Morinda meat Epimedium, Dodder, cinnamon, Cynomorium drugs Jiantang send Jinkuishenqiwan treatment, these drugs have the role of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, long-term use can make in hormone levels, some patients with mild or required a small amount of hormones to maintain patients after treatment section can be disabled hormone.
Immunosuppressants: lupus autoimmune rheumatic autoimmune response closely related to the occurrence and development of systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly used immunosuppressive agents in the clinical treatment of lupus erythematosus. Cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, Tripterygium polyglycoside and other commonly used immunosuppressants, the main side effects of these drugs have gastrointestinal side effects, and blood system damage, the response of the urinary system, reproductive effects, hair loss, increase tumor incidence. And pay attention so that patients living environment of stability and health, to avoid the exogenous application of these drugs should strictly follow the physicians' orders, giving digestible and nutritious diet and gastrointestinal side effects, attention given to protect the gastrointestinal drug, and pay attention to on a regular basis submission of blood, urine and liver function. In the application of these drugs, instruct patient to drink plenty of water, promote drug excretion, and reduce the side effects of drugs.
Plasma exchange: plasma exchange, double filtration plasma adsorption: a rapid decline in blood antibodies and immune complexes rapidly improve the condition, but still a short-term palliative expedient therapy required with the application of hormones and immunosuppressive agents. Concurrent infection, coagulopathy, water and electrolyte imbalance, and other side effects. And expensive.
Plasmapheresis method is suitable for severe lupus erythematosus associated with high levels of circulating immune complexes and acute diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and glomerular sclerosis in patients with severe.
The plasmapheresis France lupus erythematosus blood to the introduction of a plasmapheresis device, the separated plasma was discarded, the supplement of fresh plasma or substitutes, such as 4% human serum albumin and Ringer's solution. To help clear soluble immune complexes and some antibody in some patients receiving this treatment the high level of circulating immune complexes before treatment, after treatment decreased significantly, and often get a good recent treatment. Plasmapheresis method in the treatment process prone to infection, coagulation disorders and complications such as water and electrolyte disturbance, this therapy can only be used as short-term adjuvant therapy in lupus treatment, not long-term use. Plasma exchange therapy can only clear the existing plasma immune complexes, but can not prevent these substances generated when treatment with hormones and immunosuppressive agents, in order to ensure safe and reliable treatment method: 1 to 1.5 liters per replacement, every 2 to 6 liters, divided 2 to 4 times, repeat 2 to 3 weeks for a course.
Immune purification: With the development of modern medicine, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases, more and more attention. The common feature of these diseases, immune disorders, the body produces a large number of autoantibodies and immune complexes. Common hormones and immunosuppressant drugs such as treatment of autoimmune diseases, immune purification therapy is carried out in order to improve drug efficacy, remission of disease progression and relapse prevention has played a good role. Immune purification therapy is the acquisition of the patient's blood through the machine running the program, and pathological components separation and removal, to reduce or remove the pathogenic role of the pathological component of patient and adjustment and recovery of the patient's physiological functions. Commonly used immune purification therapy, including plasmapheresis, immunoadsorption, and lymphocyte / monocyte ablation. Pathological component replacement can be lymphocytes, granulocytes, immunoglobulin, or plasma. Plasma exchange in the blood there are a large number of autoantibodies and immune complexes of patients with autoimmune diseases, the so-called pathological component refers to the abnormal immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM), complement (C3, C4), circulating immune complexes (CIC ), antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Autoimmune diseases and lymphocyte dysfunction is closely related to pure lymphocyte ablation can remove pathogenic lymphocytes, to suppress the cellular immune response and inhibit immunoglobulin produced by a certain extent.
Immune purification treatment is a minimally invasive, rapid apparent efficacy of treatment. High titers of autoantibodies in the medical therapy ineffective or blood of patients with autoimmune disease, so long as the time is reasonable, and proper operation, with reasonable medical treatment, the vast majority of the patient's condition can be long-term remission. For security reasons, the patient body system function check is also essential to ensure that no serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, normal serum albumin level, blood as normal, no bleeding tendency and infection. Purification therapy in patients with possible immune meet the above criteria.Immune purification therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (in particular the effect of severe intractable autoimmune disease), and operating under aseptic conditions, do not enter the external plasma components, so you can ensure that no iatrogenic infection, a kind of good auxiliary treatment.
Stem cell transplantation: - peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for treatment of autoimmune diseaseSince the 1990s, many scholars at home and abroad hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The past five years with approximately 500 cases of patients with autoimmune disease who received autologous stem cell transplantation. Where most of the conventional treatment of refractory disease. Peripheral blood stem cell transplant patient selection is very important, the main indication for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and severe rheumatoid arthritis. Autologous stem cell transplantation is effective in some patients, but the tendency of recurrence and a certain risk. Its safety and long-term effect needs further study.Gamma globulin, bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy: globulin intravenous injection of large doses of antibodies and closed the role of treatment with hormones and immunosuppressive agents can not control the refractory patients at home and abroad to have a successful experience. This method is very different for different patients efficacy, there are some side effects. Expensive application is limited.Bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy is still preliminary.
The drug treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus are the following:(1) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mostly used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, fever, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue and other symptoms, and no obvious internal organs or blood to the affected patients with mild . Proper use of these drugs can relieve symptoms, reduce the dosage and side effects of adrenal cortical hormone. Ibuprofen, Yi Mei Li, Moby can, diclofenac (Voltaren, Dai-fen, the British too green, Ao Sike, diclofenac pain), tea & P ketone, and so can choose to apply. This class of drugs gastrointestinal reactions, kidney damage, elevated liver enzymes and other adverse reactions, treatment should not be too long. Kidney disease patients with systemic lupus erythematosus should be used with caution so as not to aggravate kidney damage.
(2) anti-malarial drugs: antimalarials chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti photosensitivity and the role of stable nucleoprotein. Particularly suitable for systemic lupus erythematosus patients with fever, arthritis, skin rashes, and slow and stabilize the lupus non-fatal disease progression. Such as prednisone (prednisone) with the use, you can reduce the dose of prednisone. The main symptoms of arthritis, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The commonly used dose of chloroquine 0. 25 g, 1 day service; hydroxychloroquine 0. 2 - 0. 4 g daily in 1 - 2 times service. Some patients can service five days a week. When the symptom control can be replaced by the next day medication, or two days a week service. General after taking 1-2 months to reach peak effect. Antimalarial drug excretion is slow, affinity organizations, especially in the eye, causing corneal deposits and retinal lesions, such as timely withdrawal can be reversed. General should take your medicine every six months for an eye examination.
(3) intravenous adrenal cortical Xi factors: the major drug for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, a powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immunosuppressive effects. Dramatically the incidence of multi-system damage in lupus, other methods can not control non-infectious lupus fever, significantly reduce the blood cells, nephritis, central nervous system lesions, interstitial pneumonia and severe hepatitis. Dosage, route of administration and treatment of adrenal cortical hormone, to be based on the severity of the patient's general condition, concomitant medications, and response to treatment. Generally prednisone (prednisone) per day per kilogram of body weight. 5 - 2 mg. When the acute active systemic lupus erythematosus clinical and laboratory parameters of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, proteinuria, hemolytic well controlled, you can consider the reduction. After 6 - 12 months of treatment, most patients can be reduced to less than 15 mg a day, and then to minimize the amount of daily 5-7. 5 mg to maintain, if necessary, in combination with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Hormone administration time, usually in the acute phase or activity of a total of three - four times, every 6 - 8 hours of administration as well, in stable condition, it can focus in every morning doses. Available for acute critically ill patients, methylprednisolone intravenous pulse therapy (methylprednisolone): Average daily intravenous infusion of 1 g, within three hours drop people for 2-3 days or every other day for 2 - 3 times for treatment. Impact treatment can have short-term effect of strengthening the role of hormones. The impact of administration should continue oral general the dose or dose, and continue to stop the impact of the original dose. The main complications of this therapy for the infection, so infection and nutrition, the poor should not use this method. In addition, the drip too fast can lead to reactive arthropathy and even lead to arrhythmia and death.
Immunosuppressant (4) immunosuppressive drugs: for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, benzene chlorambucil (aka CBl348), methotrexate, vincristine, and cyclosporine hormone (cyclosporine). Commonly used in severe and refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and central nervous system lupus. Almost do not need this type of lupus arthritis medication, unless a very small number of destructive arthritis, can be selected with MTX.In addition, there are a number related to the immunological treatment, such as plasma exchange and immunoadsorption therapy, large doses of immune globulin intravenous pulse therapy, white blood cell replacement therapy, etc., is still in research stage.
Chloroquine after oral administration, mainly gathered in the skin can inhibit the combination of DNA and anti-DNA antibodies of, on the rash, light sensitivity, and joint symptoms of a certain effect, chloroquine phosphate 250-500mg / d, long-term taking due to savings in the body, can cause retinal degenerative changed. The early withdrawal relapse, should regularly check the eyes.
Glucocorticoids: is the main drug for the treatment of this disease, acute or fulminant cases, major organs such as heart, brain, lung, kidney, serosal involvement, the occurrence of the autoimmune hemolytic or thrombocytopenic blood tendency , glucocorticoids.
Usage, there are two, one small dose, such as 0.5mg/kg/d, and even then choose can make half the amount of the remission. Second, large doses at the beginning, with 10 - 15mg / d to maintain. Reduction in the rebound condition, the dose before the application of reduction plus 5mg be maintained. High-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy can be applied to the outbreak or refractory lupus nephritis and central nervous system lesions of God, 1000mg / d intravenously, halved three days later, and then re-use of prednisone to maintain. Some cases can obtain good effect, the side effects such as hypertension, susceptible to infection, attention should be paid.
Immunosuppressants: the first for relapse or steroid hormone reduction effective but required excessive serious side effects, as well as lupus nephritis, lupus encephalopathy embolism is difficult to single cases of hormonal control. Such as the cyclophosphamide .15-2.5mg/kg/d, intravenously or orally, or 200mg every other day use. Toxicity is bone marrow suppression, gonadal atrophy, teratogenicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, and alopecia. It should be noted, cytotoxic drugs, and not a substitute for the hormone
Lupus erythematosus - Drug therapyAdrenal cortical hormone is not everyone needs.Adrenal cortical hormone is one of the most commonly used drug for systemic lupus erythematosus, but not every patient needs, not everyone needs the same dose regimen. Tan hormone mere mention of "abuse of hormones is not correct. Hormone only for moderate to severe lupus patients with systemic damage in principle, the general use of oral therapy, the condition is severe, short-term intravenous pulse therapy, follow-up to oral treatment, usually two to four weeks began a slow reduction, such as weekly minus 2.5 to 5mg, to be tapered to a maintenance dose of medication should be slow, each reduction should pay attention to whether the new low-grade fever, fatigue, rash, joint pain, mouth ulcers, hair loss and other changes. If the symptoms and each laboratory tests are normal, and may continue to decrement. If you suspect the possibility of recurrence, and should stop the reduction or hormone dosage to the minimum effective dose. This process is carried out under the guidance of a doctor, can not be a sudden withdrawal, because suddenly disable hormone may occur to the performance of adrenal insufficiency, and easily lead to disease recurrence. The long-term corticosteroids should pay attention to its adverse reactions, to give the appropriate preventive measures and treatment can reduce the harm.
Immunosuppressant impact of small doses.Another important type of drug treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, is mainly used for patients with significant organ damage. Critically ill patients, clinically the most widely used cyclophosphamide, oral administration is often used in the past, due to higher incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis, cancer and other adverse reactions, have been gradually intravenous pulse therapy to replace the general usage is the high-dose, once a month, six months later, you can extend the dosing interval, the total course of treatment according to the disease. At home and abroad in recent years many studies have shown that small-dose cyclophosphamide treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus equally effective, and adverse reactions to than high-dose treatment. Therefore, we recommend the program Intravenous 400mg / every 1 to 2 times a week, three months later to extend the dosing interval until the condition can sequence accustomed to azathioprine and other immunosuppressants oral maintenance therapy mitigation stable. Some patients, there may be adverse reactions, but the majority of patient safety, only in the treatment process to regularly monitoring blood and liver function, and under the guidance of the physician to adjust the medication.Some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may also consider other immunosuppressive agents, but should be based on the actual condition of the patient under the guidance of specialists.In short, the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus is a long process, the patient must have confidence and patience, to a regular hospital for regular treatment, follow doctor's orders, select both effective and less adverse reactions of individual schemes, the standard medication, most patients the condition of complete remission.
Appropriate medication for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, not only have a rigorous scientific approach, but also an art.
The drug is a double-edged sword, in order to achieve its capability to play the best effect, the maximum to avoid injury, not only by doctors, but also in close collaboration with patients and doctors. If the patient can understand the basic performance of the drug, early detection of problems, timely communication with the doctor, provide a reference for doctors to adjust medication, we will certainly be able to achieve therapeutic purposes.
White blood cells of systemic lupus erythematosus is a multiple organ involvement in autoimmune diseases, the slow onset of the majority of patients, its clinical manifestations vary widely, from only fatigue, fever, joint pain to severe kidney disease and central nervous system involvement may occur. Lupus etiology is unknown, the primary therapy of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, therefore, the lupus treatment rules to follow, whether the drug is too toxic? "For patients with lingering doubts.
Hormones mentioned here refers to corticosteroids, including prednisone, hydrocortisone, methyl prednisolone. They are double-edged sword can cure, well, well can cause disease. Acute active cases of acute fulminant lupus, acute lupus nephritis, acute central nervous system lupus, such as do not have the hormone rapidly reverse the critical situation, the condition may be deteriorating, so out of hand. Light to lupus, or the remission of lupus, and regulating the hormone dose to reduce side effects. In short, the effect of hormones on lupus is yes, sometimes their role is difficult to substitute other drugs, their side effects can not be ignored. The key is prior to treatment must be clear: if indications; whether the contraindications? To evaluate the benefits of the use of hormones to the patient or risk. If you are big benefits, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to use. If the risks outweigh the benefits, it is best to switch to other treatments.
First to confirm the diagnosis and determine disease is in the active stage or remission, is a light case or heavy. Have good efficacy must be based on the patient's specific performance tailored, individualized treatment.
The so-called light is only fever, rash, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, a small amount of serous cavity effusion, no obvious cases of systemic damage. Heavy lupus erythematosus is accompanied by one or more organ involvement, such as lupus nephritis, lupus encephalopathy, acute vasculitis, interstitial pneumonia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura and a large number of serous cavity effusions .
Patients with mild to small and medium-dose prednisone (5 to 20 mg / day for a small dose, 20 to 40 mg / day for dose) treatment. Prednisone 60 mg / day may be critically ill patients, sometimes available to 100 mg / day, if necessary, you can use the high-dose steroid pulse therapy, about to 500 to 1000 mg of methylprednisolone add 100 to 200 ml saline within one hour intravenous infusion for three consecutive days for a course.
To determine the efficacy of the hormone, there should be a standard, in order to define, when it should markedly. After treatment, the patient's symptoms and laboratory tests have improved, it means effective. Previous inflammation, joint pain, leukopenia, etc., to improve or become normal by the medication, should be determined to be valid. Drug onset to have a certain time, generally speaking, central lupus, such as acute mental disorder, severe headaches and diffuse demyelination syndrome improve within a few days, other manifestations such as psychosis, movement disorders and cognitive impairments need a few weeks in order to improved; hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia often improve in five to 15 days after treatment; nephritis patients, creatinine, urea nitrogen, complement, anti-DNA antibodies and urinary protein should be improved in 7 to 10 weeks. Not achieve the desired results within the specified time such as the application of the appropriate dose should be considered an amendment or change in treatment strategy.
In order to reduce the hormonal side effects, lupus remission after hormone should gradually decrease. Ways to reduce, properly, can cause lupus recurrence. There are two ways to reduce, should be avoided. First, some patients lived in remote areas, purchase of medicines is not convenient, the hormone is exhausted, you disable the hormone. Second, some patients, especially young women, worry about body shape changes, often hormone reduction too fast. The above two situations may lead to lupus recurrence.
Most patients want doctors to tell a specific method, such as the number of days minus one, how long cutting down. Fact, each patient's condition is not the same, everyone is not the same reactions to drugs, it is difficult to say a fixed program, but to say a few principles. The basic control of the disease can start the reduction, patients with mild this time for two weeks, critically ill patients normally takes 4 to 6 weeks. Served on the dose above 40 mg each time by 10%, about a prednisone. Every 1 to 2 weeks Less. Served on the dose of 25 mg, the reduction speed is getting slower, an interval of 4 to 8 weeks is appropriate. Before each reduction must pay attention to changes in availability of new low-grade fever, malaise, rash, muscle pain, joint pain, mouth ulcers, hair loss, laboratory projects should pay attention to not help the body reduce anti ds-DNA antibodies are transferred from the negative positive titer increased, with or without proteinuria and blood changes. If the symptoms and laboratory tests can continue the reduction. If you suspect the possibility of recurrence, and should stop reduction, close observation. If obvious recurrence, according to initial treatment method of re-initiation of therapy, hormone dosage may be required retreatment compared with untreated. General nephritis, thrombocytopenia, interstitial pneumonia, and other important organ involvement, patients often need a 10 to 15 mg / day maintenance dose, not all cutting down. In addition to hormone treatment of lupus erythematosus are a number of drugs and methods. More commonly used immunosuppressants. When corticosteroid treatment is poor or not in use due to side effects, use of immunosuppressive agents. Especially in recent years that long-term use of hormones can cause glomerulosclerosis early can prevent or delay nephritis into chronic use of immunosuppressive agents, so advocates the combination of immunosuppressive agents as soon as possible, combined treatment than the single effect.
Immunosuppressant impact of small doses.Another important type of drug treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, is mainly used for patients with significant organ damage. Critically ill patients, clinically the most widely used cyclophosphamide, oral administration is often used in the past, due to higher incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis, cancer and other adverse reactions, have been gradually intravenous pulse therapy to replace the general usage is the high-dose, once a month, six months later, you can extend the dosing interval, the total course of treatment according to the disease. At home and abroad in recent years many studies have shown that small-dose cyclophosphamide treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus equally effective, and adverse reactions to than high-dose treatment. Therefore, we recommend the program Intravenous 400mg / every 1 to 2 times a week, three months later to extend the dosing interval until the condition can sequence accustomed to azathioprine and other immunosuppressants oral maintenance therapy mitigation stable. Some patients, there may be adverse reactions, but the majority of patient safety, only in the treatment process to regularly monitoring blood and liver function, and under the guidance of the physician to adjust the medication.Some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may also consider other immunosuppressive agents, but should be based on the actual condition of the patient under the guidance of specialists.In short, the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus is a long process, the patient must have confidence and patience, to a regular hospital for regular treatment, follow doctor's orders, select both effective and less adverse reactions of individual schemes, the standard medication, most patients the condition of complete remission.
Appropriate medication for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, not only have a rigorous scientific approach, but also an art.
The drug is a double-edged sword, in order to achieve its capability to play the best effect, the maximum to avoid injury, not only by doctors, but also in close collaboration with patients and doctors. If the patient can understand the basic performance of the drug, early detection of problems, timely communication with the doctor, provide a reference for doctors to adjust medication, we will certainly be able to achieve therapeutic purposes.
White blood cells of systemic lupus erythematosus is a multiple organ involvement in autoimmune diseases, the slow onset of the majority of patients, its clinical manifestations vary widely, from only fatigue, fever, joint pain to severe kidney disease and central nervous system involvement may occur. Lupus etiology is unknown, the primary therapy of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, therefore, the lupus treatment rules to follow, whether the drug is too toxic? "For patients with lingering doubts.
Hormones mentioned here refers to corticosteroids, including prednisone, hydrocortisone, methyl prednisolone. They are double-edged sword can cure, well, well can cause disease. Acute active cases of acute fulminant lupus, acute lupus nephritis, acute central nervous system lupus, such as do not have the hormone rapidly reverse the critical situation, the condition may be deteriorating, so out of hand. Light to lupus, or the remission of lupus, and regulating the hormone dose to reduce side effects. In short, the effect of hormones on lupus is yes, sometimes their role is difficult to substitute other drugs, their side effects can not be ignored. The key is prior to treatment must be clear: if indications; whether the contraindications? To evaluate the benefits of the use of hormones to the patient or risk. If you are big benefits, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to use. If the risks outweigh the benefits, it is best to switch to other treatments.
First to confirm the diagnosis and determine disease is in the active stage or remission, is a light case or heavy. Have good efficacy must be based on the patient's specific performance tailored, individualized treatment.
The so-called light is only fever, rash, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, a small amount of serous cavity effusion, no obvious cases of systemic damage. Heavy lupus erythematosus is accompanied by one or more organ involvement, such as lupus nephritis, lupus encephalopathy, acute vasculitis, interstitial pneumonia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura and a large number of serous cavity effusions .
Patients with mild to small and medium-dose prednisone (5 to 20 mg / day for a small dose, 20 to 40 mg / day for dose) treatment. Prednisone 60 mg / day may be critically ill patients, sometimes available to 100 mg / day, if necessary, you can use the high-dose steroid pulse therapy, about to 500 to 1000 mg of methylprednisolone add 100 to 200 ml saline within one hour intravenous infusion for three consecutive days for a course.
To determine the efficacy of the hormone, there should be a standard, in order to define, when it should markedly. After treatment, the patient's symptoms and laboratory tests have improved, it means effective. Previous inflammation, joint pain, leukopenia, etc., to improve or become normal by the medication, should be determined to be valid. Drug onset to have a certain time, generally speaking, central lupus, such as acute mental disorder, severe headaches and diffuse demyelination syndrome improve within a few days, other manifestations such as psychosis, movement disorders and cognitive impairments need a few weeks in order to improved; hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia often improve in five to 15 days after treatment; nephritis patients, creatinine, urea nitrogen, complement, anti-DNA antibodies and urinary protein should be improved in 7 to 10 weeks. Not achieve the desired results within the specified time such as the application of the appropriate dose should be considered an amendment or change in treatment strategy.
In order to reduce the hormonal side effects, lupus remission after hormone should gradually decrease. Ways to reduce, properly, can cause lupus recurrence. There are two ways to reduce, should be avoided. First, some patients lived in remote areas, purchase of medicines is not convenient, the hormone is exhausted, you disable the hormone. Second, some patients, especially young women, worry about body shape changes, often hormone reduction too fast. The above two situations may lead to lupus recurrence.
Most patients want doctors to tell a specific method, such as the number of days minus one, how long cutting down. Fact, each patient's condition is not the same, everyone is not the same reactions to drugs, it is difficult to say a fixed program, but to say a few principles. The basic control of the disease can start the reduction, patients with mild this time for two weeks, critically ill patients normally takes 4 to 6 weeks. Served on the dose above 40 mg each time by 10%, about a prednisone. Every 1 to 2 weeks Less. Served on the dose of 25 mg, the reduction speed is getting slower, an interval of 4 to 8 weeks is appropriate. Before each reduction must pay attention to changes in availability of new low-grade fever, malaise, rash, muscle pain, joint pain, mouth ulcers, hair loss, laboratory projects should pay attention to not help the body reduce anti ds-DNA antibodies are transferred from the negative positive titer increased, with or without proteinuria and blood changes. If the symptoms and laboratory tests can continue the reduction. If you suspect the possibility of recurrence, and should stop reduction, close observation. If obvious recurrence, according to initial treatment method of re-initiation of therapy, hormone dosage may be required retreatment compared with untreated. General nephritis, thrombocytopenia, interstitial pneumonia, and other important organ involvement, patients often need a 10 to 15 mg / day maintenance dose, not all cutting down. In addition to hormone treatment of lupus erythematosus are a number of drugs and methods. More commonly used immunosuppressants. When corticosteroid treatment is poor or not in use due to side effects, use of immunosuppressive agents. Especially in recent years that long-term use of hormones can cause glomerulosclerosis early can prevent or delay nephritis into chronic use of immunosuppressive agents, so advocates the combination of immunosuppressive agents as soon as possible, combined treatment than the single effect.
Lupus erythematosus - food taboos
Lupus erythematosus patients - food taboos taboos about lupus, the saying is a bit confusing, most of the food as the diet is not appropriate. And too many taboos make the patient's nutritional element intake is not balanced. So blind diet is unscientific. Due to differences in patients, each person can induce exacerbations food is different. Here we see in clinical, food and worse due to poor diet.
⑴ mutton, dog, horse, donkey, venison: due to the warm and hot, after eating will not only increase the heat symptoms of patients with SLE. And clinical condition of individual patients so aggravated and induced patients adverse consequences.
⑵ spinach: the traditional view that eating spinach can wound, now we know that spinach can increase lupus nephritis, proteinuria and tube. And can cause cloudy urine and urinary calculi (oxalate crystallization), and therefore unfit for human consumption.
⑶ cauliflower: to increase the hair loss process.
⑷ mushrooms, celery, alfalfa, milk vetch, coriander: can cause light sensitivity, facial erythema, rash, lupus patients unfit for human consumption.
⑸ peppers, green peppers, leeks, onions, garlic, such as: hot food is not absolute taboos, but should not eat.
⑹ long-term use of hormones caused by hyperlipidemia patients should eat less fat, high cholesterol foods, such as the Fat Duck, Fei Ji, fat goose, animal offal, lard, pork fat beef, lamb octopus, eel and other high sugar content food in the body into fat, it should be deprivation.
⑺ drinking should not be smoking, should not be random drug wine swig. For some supplements on the market, especially in some health food ingredients not marked and can not tonic, so as not to aggravate the condition.
⑻ patients with lupus nephritis due to protein lost from the urine of long-term in vivo albumin lower, it should be to replenish the high-quality protein, such as: milk, eggs, lean meat, fish and other animal protein, and lupus nephritis late creatinine urea nitrogen levels, azotemia or uremia patients, eat or not eat soy products, so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys
Lupus erythematosus patients - food taboos taboos about lupus, the saying is a bit confusing, most of the food as the diet is not appropriate. And too many taboos make the patient's nutritional element intake is not balanced. So blind diet is unscientific. Due to differences in patients, each person can induce exacerbations food is different. Here we see in clinical, food and worse due to poor diet.
⑴ mutton, dog, horse, donkey, venison: due to the warm and hot, after eating will not only increase the heat symptoms of patients with SLE. And clinical condition of individual patients so aggravated and induced patients adverse consequences.
⑵ spinach: the traditional view that eating spinach can wound, now we know that spinach can increase lupus nephritis, proteinuria and tube. And can cause cloudy urine and urinary calculi (oxalate crystallization), and therefore unfit for human consumption.
⑶ cauliflower: to increase the hair loss process.
⑷ mushrooms, celery, alfalfa, milk vetch, coriander: can cause light sensitivity, facial erythema, rash, lupus patients unfit for human consumption.
⑸ peppers, green peppers, leeks, onions, garlic, such as: hot food is not absolute taboos, but should not eat.
⑹ long-term use of hormones caused by hyperlipidemia patients should eat less fat, high cholesterol foods, such as the Fat Duck, Fei Ji, fat goose, animal offal, lard, pork fat beef, lamb octopus, eel and other high sugar content food in the body into fat, it should be deprivation.
⑺ drinking should not be smoking, should not be random drug wine swig. For some supplements on the market, especially in some health food ingredients not marked and can not tonic, so as not to aggravate the condition.
⑻ patients with lupus nephritis due to protein lost from the urine of long-term in vivo albumin lower, it should be to replenish the high-quality protein, such as: milk, eggs, lean meat, fish and other animal protein, and lupus nephritis late creatinine urea nitrogen levels, azotemia or uremia patients, eat or not eat soy products, so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys
Lupus erythematosus - care routine
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease, there are large number of autoantibodies due to the patient's body so that the body systems with multiple organ damage, causing damage to different organs in different clinical symptoms. Care should be detailed and comprehensive observation of the disease, in addition to good general care, but also to do all kinds of special care must be based on patients with damaged organs.
Milk, general care points:1, patient and considerate the sufferings of the people, do a good job in ideological and enlighten, to lift the patient fears and ideological pressure, strengthen the confidence to overcome the disease.Universal lupus knowledge to patients to help patients correct to treat the disease, actively cooperate with treatment.3, critically ill patients should stay in bed., Fever, according to the routine care of patients with fever, to avoid the cold, active prevention and treatment of colds.5, should not the sun, indoor sun is too strong, hanging curtains. Disable the ultraviolet and other light therapy or taking photosensitive drugs and food, such as traditional Chinese medicine psoralen and celery and other vegetables. Go out to fight umbrellas, wear a hat, wear long-sleeved shirt and long skirt, pants.6, long-term corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, should be noted that side effects appear, active prevention and timely treatment of various viral and bacterial infections.7, should be the law of life, maintaining optimism, and the normal state of mind, avoid over exertion.8, give high-quality protein, low fat, low salt, low sugar, rich in vitamins and calcium diet. Not eat seafood and spicy food and refrain from smoking.
Special care points1, lupus kidney damage: 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis, cause severe clinical consequences, and therefore critical to the care of lupus nephritis, the care points are:(1) acute, active phase of chronic lupus nephritis, or lupus renal dysfunction and failure of, should rest in bed. When the control and mitigation of disease activity, chronic lupus nephritis recovery period may be appropriate activities.(2) to give low-salt, low-fat diet, limit protein intake to supplement the in vivo protein such as lean meat, milk should be given high-quality protein, eat beans and other vegetable protein. Elevated hormone blood sugar, give low-carb diets.(3) severe edema and oliguria, pay attention to nutritional supplements and water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, require accurate input liquid or oral medicine by your doctor(4) to record 24 hours access to water, close observation of urine, severe edema, said twice a week weight, ascites every three days the amount of time abdominal circumference.(5) with hypertension, regular monitoring of blood pressure.(6) to prevent infection, and oral and skin care, all disposal of strict aseptic technique.(7), renal failure, renal failure nursing conventional treatment.
2, lupus heart damage: systemic lupus erythematosus involving the heart is the most common for pericarditis (approximately 30% of pericarditis, many patients with pericardial effusion), followed by myocarditis, endocarditis (involving the heart valves, there hemodynamic changes), and can give rise to various arrhythmias, severe heart failure and death, for their care points:(1) patients with appropriate activities, a large pericardial effusion in patients with heart failure should rest in bed, breathing difficulties, should be semi-recumbent position and give oxygen.(2) to give high-calorie, high protein, digestible, low-heat, high vitamin diet.(3) close observation of blood pressure, pulse, respiratory changes, emergencies immediately notify the physician to deal with.(4) should be prepared to arrhythmia patients ECG monitoring, observing closely, prepare a variety of rescue medicines and equipment, the condition changes, immediately notify the physician.(5) use of anti-heart failure drugs should be closely observe the condition, prior to administration to listen to the heart rate and rhythm changes. When patients with and without the loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness and blurred vision, yellow vision, green as the changes, if the reaction should be temporarily discontinued and notify the physician in the medication.
Oxygen, lupus pneumonia: clinical statistical lupus pneumonia accounts for 10% of lupus patients, although a small proportion, but the harm heavier, their care points for:(1) In severe cases, bed rest, maintain the air flow of fresh and appropriate temperature, humidity.(2) difficulty in breathing, take a semi-recumbent position, give oxygen.(3) with fever fever routine care.(4) severe cough, according to doctor's orders to the antitussive agent.(5) pay attention to oral hygiene, prevention of co-infection.
4, lupus nervous system damage: 20% of lupus patients may appear nervous system damage, mainly against brain and spinal cord and the formation of lupus encephalopathy and transverse myelitis, a series of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and their care points for:(1) quiet in bed, if the symptoms of schizophrenia or restlessness, sedatives given by your doctor.(2) seizures, attention to attack the law, available to physicians, according to epilepsy treatment.(3) patients with cerebral hemorrhage or increased intracranial pressure, we should immediately give the dehydrating agent dehydration.(4) limb paralysis extra bed block to prevent the falling out of bed(5), prolonged bed rest or consciousness is impaired, regular turn over of physical activity, to prevent the occurrence of bedsores and pneumonia.(6) When the disease control, physical activity, encourage patients to the limbs of many activities, so as to restore function
5, the blood system damage in lupus: systemic lupus erythematosus caused by the blood system damage is mainly anemia (depleted dissolved or anemia), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, care points are:(1) simple anemia patients to proper rest to minimize the body's oxygen consumption more seriously, give oxygen.(2) thrombocytopenia, bleeding, we must allow the patient to remain calm and take positive measures to stop bleeding for different bleeding sites. If the patient is headache, nausea, vomiting and irritability, intracranial hemorrhage should be suspected, inform your doctor immediately to make a variety of treatment, close observation of the patient to consciousness, pupil, blood pressure, pulse.
Lupus erythematosus - do not infectAlthough the incidence of lupus erythematosus in China is much higher than in Western countries, but also only 70/100 000 in comparison with other common diseases frequently occurring is still relatively rare. Relatively few patients, many people on this disease is not well understood. Heard the name of disease or to see the lupus patients will help to produce lupus will not be transmitted such a question, the answer is no, lupus will not be transmitted by one person to another person.
People from clinical research, just from the foundation and its occurrence may be related to genetic factors, the level of sex hormone levels in the human body, as well as the body which environmental factors (including infection, sunlight, food changes, drug effects, etc.) related. These factors (and possibly many unknown factors) together, reducing the body's immune tolerance, the body's immune function disorder. Before the formation of this own immune diseases.
It's not like the diseases caused by various pathogens (various bacteria, viruses, fungi, spiral body) that can spread from person to person. Normal contact with the patients, do not have to fear of being infected, do not need to isolate patients, lupus patients in remission with stable and normal work in general, learning to participate in normal social activities.
Lupus erythematosus - diet conditioningThe eggs systemic lupus erythematosus is the damage to the multi-system organ autoimmune disease, often accompanied by fever in the pathogenesis of the phenomenon, is a chronic wasting disease, the treatment of the disease, not only to the proper use of drugs, should deployment good patient diet, since ancient times Medicinal and Edible, said the deployment of the patient's diet, not only can enhance the physique of patients, more help drug to best effect. Of diet in patients with lupus erythematosus principle should be high protein, low fat, low salt, low sugar foods rich in multiple vitamins and calcium.
More than 50% of lupus patients with significant kidney damage proteins often from considerable loss of urine caused by low protein acidosis, edema, caused a lot of pathological changes of the body, it is necessary to replenish sufficient protein supplement protein quality in animal protein-based, should be appropriate, such as milk, eggs, lean meat and other food intake, lean meat per day per person not more than two or two eggs, not more than two if the ingestion of excessive, the patient not only can not be completely absorbed, but also increase burden on the kidney, urinary protein in patients with kidney disease, it is best to Eat or not eat beans and soy products.
From clinical lupus patients energy metabolism disorder occurs in the formation of hypoproteinemia, and some formation of hyperlipidemia, especially when the patient is accompanied by fever, digestive function, it should eat light and easy to digest food, should not eat meat and fish rich in fat. Against kidney patients, mostly accompanied by edema, a single hormone therapy, will lead to sodium retention, and therefore limit the patient's salt intake, given the low-salt diet, so as not to aggravate symptoms of edema.
The hormone is the drug of choice for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, lupus erythematosus patients with long-term use of hormones can often affect the function of the pancreas to secrete insulin, leaving the reduced insulin secretion, glucose metabolism disorder, severe cases can be the formation of diabetes. Therefore, in patients with long-term heavy use of hormones, to promote the Eat high-sugar foods, limit sugar intake, it is very necessary.
The pathological basis of lupus erythematosus is a systemic vasculitis, increased permeability of the blood vessels, inflammation of internal organs or Raynaud's phenomenon, and therefore eat more foods containing vitamin C in food. Long-term use of hormone therapy in patients, can cause calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, bone loss, resulting in osteoporosis, severe cases can cause bone necrosis, usually in addition to the routine to take calcium supplements, you should also eat plenty of calcium-rich food.
To enhance nutrition, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, cut out alcohol and other spicy food.(1) Coix Seed soupCoix Seed 15 ~ 30g sugar amount, Coix seed boiled, put sugar in a bowl a day, spleen Xiaoban achievements.For lupus erythematosus facial erythema.
Astragalus (2) Gorgon the Shenqi simmer pig kidneysThe Gorgon 30g, Codonopsis, astragalus 20g, a pig kidneys, the pig kidneys were cut open to its fascia shamisen drug above washed into the pot, add water decoction Serve.Renal damage in SLE.(3) loofah drinkAn old gourd, sugar amount. Loofah washed, chopped, plus the amount of water, boil for half an hour, standing a moment, to the residue, add sugar can be, when the tea, there are detoxification, Qufeng network effect.For SLE see joint pain, burning swelling, limited mobility, accompanied by fever, thirst, irritability and other.(4) to yellow Zaoren porridgeRehmanniae 30g, Semen 30g rice, 100g, will Suanzaoren add water, crush, juice 100ml, dried rehmannia juice 100ml, add water to cook rice, porridge, porridge would be cooked joined Suanzaoren juice, the Rehmanniae juice, cook until The porridge Serve cooked, 1 day, antipyretic Yangyin.Persistent low-grade fever, spontaneous sweating, heart palpitations, insomnia, joint pain, poor appetite thirst for SLE see.(5) garlic stew blackfishGarlic 100 ~ 150g 400g blackfish, blackfish addition to intestinal mixed, peeled garlic, put the casserole, add water and stew cooked serving, do not add spices, reduction of swelling of the spleen and Water.In SLE see limbs swollen looking Shaohua, pay less, loose stools, urine deficient persons.(6), bright green sprouts juiceThe bright green bean sprouts 500g, sugar to taste. Mung bean sprouts scouring the net with clean gauze wrap, twist to take the juice transferred to sugar, a tea, there are detoxification, dampness role.Applicable in SLE see joint pain, burning, swelling, fever, thirst, irritability, facial redness, visible spot color, subcutaneous purpura.The food according to their feeding habits are reinforcing the Ching Warming three categories. Yin lupus patients, heat, blood heat and hot like the more, the food should be to clear complement, reinforcing the main Participating Warming. Part of the spleen and kidney deficiency, blood loss, people need warming, reinforcing the main Participating Ching.The Ching food turtle, turtles, ducks, a jellyfish, clam, clam, crab, sugar cane, fresh pears, raw lotus, arrowhead, lily, white fungus, watermelon, melon, cedar, tea, etc.;Reinforcing foods are rice, millet, sorghum, yams, soybeans, adzuki beans, white beans, olives, gingko nuts, lotus seeds, peanuts, sesame seeds, rabbits, pigeons, pork, eggs, etc..Warming foods are chicken, geese, cattle, sheep, dogs, horses, milk, dairy products, walnut meat, dried longan meat, orange, chestnut, peach, shrimp, green onions, garlic, leeks, mustard, etc.
Lupus erythematosus patients of diet can be combined with the clinical syndrome in the actual situation of cold and heat, and above the properties of the food, symptomatic selection, but also according to the modern study of human metabolism of material required to allocate food, such as lupus erythematosus patients with more than 50% have significant kidney The damage from the urine protein often a lot of loss caused by hypoproteinemia, edema, causing a lot of pathological changes of the body, it is necessary to replenish sufficient protein.
Complementary protein-based animal quality protein such as milk, eggs, lean meat. Appropriate amount of food, lean meat per day per person not more than 100 grams, not more than two eggs, if the ingestion of excessive, the patient not only can not be completely absorbed, but also increase the burden on the kidney. Nephropathy urinary protein-positive patients, the best Eat or not eat beans and soy products.
From clinical lupus erythematosus energy metabolism disorder occurs in the formation of hypoproteinemia, and some formation of hyperlipidemia, especially when the patient is accompanied by fever, digestive function, it should eat light and easy to digest food, should not eat meat and fish rich in fat.
Against kidney patients, mostly accompanied by edema, a single hormone therapy, will lead to sodium retention, and therefore limit the patient's salt intake, given the low-salt diet, so as not to aggravate symptoms of edema.
The hormone is the drug of choice for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, lupus erythematosus patients with long-term use of hormones, glucose metabolism disorder, and severe cases, the formation of diabetes. Therefore, in patients with long-term heavy use of hormones, to promote the Eat high-sugar foods, limit sugar intake, it is very necessary.
The pathological basis of lupus erythematosus is a systemic vasculitis, increase the permeability of blood vessels, internal organs, inflammation or Raynaud's phenomenon, and to eat more foods containing vitamin C food. Patients with long-term use of hormone therapy can cause calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, bone loss, resulting in osteoporosis, severe cases can cause bone necrosis, usually in addition to the routine to take calcium supplements, you should also eat plenty of calcium-rich food.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease, there are large number of autoantibodies due to the patient's body so that the body systems with multiple organ damage, causing damage to different organs in different clinical symptoms. Care should be detailed and comprehensive observation of the disease, in addition to good general care, but also to do all kinds of special care must be based on patients with damaged organs.
Milk, general care points:1, patient and considerate the sufferings of the people, do a good job in ideological and enlighten, to lift the patient fears and ideological pressure, strengthen the confidence to overcome the disease.Universal lupus knowledge to patients to help patients correct to treat the disease, actively cooperate with treatment.3, critically ill patients should stay in bed., Fever, according to the routine care of patients with fever, to avoid the cold, active prevention and treatment of colds.5, should not the sun, indoor sun is too strong, hanging curtains. Disable the ultraviolet and other light therapy or taking photosensitive drugs and food, such as traditional Chinese medicine psoralen and celery and other vegetables. Go out to fight umbrellas, wear a hat, wear long-sleeved shirt and long skirt, pants.6, long-term corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, should be noted that side effects appear, active prevention and timely treatment of various viral and bacterial infections.7, should be the law of life, maintaining optimism, and the normal state of mind, avoid over exertion.8, give high-quality protein, low fat, low salt, low sugar, rich in vitamins and calcium diet. Not eat seafood and spicy food and refrain from smoking.
Special care points1, lupus kidney damage: 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis, cause severe clinical consequences, and therefore critical to the care of lupus nephritis, the care points are:(1) acute, active phase of chronic lupus nephritis, or lupus renal dysfunction and failure of, should rest in bed. When the control and mitigation of disease activity, chronic lupus nephritis recovery period may be appropriate activities.(2) to give low-salt, low-fat diet, limit protein intake to supplement the in vivo protein such as lean meat, milk should be given high-quality protein, eat beans and other vegetable protein. Elevated hormone blood sugar, give low-carb diets.(3) severe edema and oliguria, pay attention to nutritional supplements and water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, require accurate input liquid or oral medicine by your doctor(4) to record 24 hours access to water, close observation of urine, severe edema, said twice a week weight, ascites every three days the amount of time abdominal circumference.(5) with hypertension, regular monitoring of blood pressure.(6) to prevent infection, and oral and skin care, all disposal of strict aseptic technique.(7), renal failure, renal failure nursing conventional treatment.
2, lupus heart damage: systemic lupus erythematosus involving the heart is the most common for pericarditis (approximately 30% of pericarditis, many patients with pericardial effusion), followed by myocarditis, endocarditis (involving the heart valves, there hemodynamic changes), and can give rise to various arrhythmias, severe heart failure and death, for their care points:(1) patients with appropriate activities, a large pericardial effusion in patients with heart failure should rest in bed, breathing difficulties, should be semi-recumbent position and give oxygen.(2) to give high-calorie, high protein, digestible, low-heat, high vitamin diet.(3) close observation of blood pressure, pulse, respiratory changes, emergencies immediately notify the physician to deal with.(4) should be prepared to arrhythmia patients ECG monitoring, observing closely, prepare a variety of rescue medicines and equipment, the condition changes, immediately notify the physician.(5) use of anti-heart failure drugs should be closely observe the condition, prior to administration to listen to the heart rate and rhythm changes. When patients with and without the loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness and blurred vision, yellow vision, green as the changes, if the reaction should be temporarily discontinued and notify the physician in the medication.
Oxygen, lupus pneumonia: clinical statistical lupus pneumonia accounts for 10% of lupus patients, although a small proportion, but the harm heavier, their care points for:(1) In severe cases, bed rest, maintain the air flow of fresh and appropriate temperature, humidity.(2) difficulty in breathing, take a semi-recumbent position, give oxygen.(3) with fever fever routine care.(4) severe cough, according to doctor's orders to the antitussive agent.(5) pay attention to oral hygiene, prevention of co-infection.
4, lupus nervous system damage: 20% of lupus patients may appear nervous system damage, mainly against brain and spinal cord and the formation of lupus encephalopathy and transverse myelitis, a series of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and their care points for:(1) quiet in bed, if the symptoms of schizophrenia or restlessness, sedatives given by your doctor.(2) seizures, attention to attack the law, available to physicians, according to epilepsy treatment.(3) patients with cerebral hemorrhage or increased intracranial pressure, we should immediately give the dehydrating agent dehydration.(4) limb paralysis extra bed block to prevent the falling out of bed(5), prolonged bed rest or consciousness is impaired, regular turn over of physical activity, to prevent the occurrence of bedsores and pneumonia.(6) When the disease control, physical activity, encourage patients to the limbs of many activities, so as to restore function
5, the blood system damage in lupus: systemic lupus erythematosus caused by the blood system damage is mainly anemia (depleted dissolved or anemia), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, care points are:(1) simple anemia patients to proper rest to minimize the body's oxygen consumption more seriously, give oxygen.(2) thrombocytopenia, bleeding, we must allow the patient to remain calm and take positive measures to stop bleeding for different bleeding sites. If the patient is headache, nausea, vomiting and irritability, intracranial hemorrhage should be suspected, inform your doctor immediately to make a variety of treatment, close observation of the patient to consciousness, pupil, blood pressure, pulse.
Lupus erythematosus - do not infectAlthough the incidence of lupus erythematosus in China is much higher than in Western countries, but also only 70/100 000 in comparison with other common diseases frequently occurring is still relatively rare. Relatively few patients, many people on this disease is not well understood. Heard the name of disease or to see the lupus patients will help to produce lupus will not be transmitted such a question, the answer is no, lupus will not be transmitted by one person to another person.
People from clinical research, just from the foundation and its occurrence may be related to genetic factors, the level of sex hormone levels in the human body, as well as the body which environmental factors (including infection, sunlight, food changes, drug effects, etc.) related. These factors (and possibly many unknown factors) together, reducing the body's immune tolerance, the body's immune function disorder. Before the formation of this own immune diseases.
It's not like the diseases caused by various pathogens (various bacteria, viruses, fungi, spiral body) that can spread from person to person. Normal contact with the patients, do not have to fear of being infected, do not need to isolate patients, lupus patients in remission with stable and normal work in general, learning to participate in normal social activities.
Lupus erythematosus - diet conditioningThe eggs systemic lupus erythematosus is the damage to the multi-system organ autoimmune disease, often accompanied by fever in the pathogenesis of the phenomenon, is a chronic wasting disease, the treatment of the disease, not only to the proper use of drugs, should deployment good patient diet, since ancient times Medicinal and Edible, said the deployment of the patient's diet, not only can enhance the physique of patients, more help drug to best effect. Of diet in patients with lupus erythematosus principle should be high protein, low fat, low salt, low sugar foods rich in multiple vitamins and calcium.
More than 50% of lupus patients with significant kidney damage proteins often from considerable loss of urine caused by low protein acidosis, edema, caused a lot of pathological changes of the body, it is necessary to replenish sufficient protein supplement protein quality in animal protein-based, should be appropriate, such as milk, eggs, lean meat and other food intake, lean meat per day per person not more than two or two eggs, not more than two if the ingestion of excessive, the patient not only can not be completely absorbed, but also increase burden on the kidney, urinary protein in patients with kidney disease, it is best to Eat or not eat beans and soy products.
From clinical lupus patients energy metabolism disorder occurs in the formation of hypoproteinemia, and some formation of hyperlipidemia, especially when the patient is accompanied by fever, digestive function, it should eat light and easy to digest food, should not eat meat and fish rich in fat. Against kidney patients, mostly accompanied by edema, a single hormone therapy, will lead to sodium retention, and therefore limit the patient's salt intake, given the low-salt diet, so as not to aggravate symptoms of edema.
The hormone is the drug of choice for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, lupus erythematosus patients with long-term use of hormones can often affect the function of the pancreas to secrete insulin, leaving the reduced insulin secretion, glucose metabolism disorder, severe cases can be the formation of diabetes. Therefore, in patients with long-term heavy use of hormones, to promote the Eat high-sugar foods, limit sugar intake, it is very necessary.
The pathological basis of lupus erythematosus is a systemic vasculitis, increased permeability of the blood vessels, inflammation of internal organs or Raynaud's phenomenon, and therefore eat more foods containing vitamin C in food. Long-term use of hormone therapy in patients, can cause calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, bone loss, resulting in osteoporosis, severe cases can cause bone necrosis, usually in addition to the routine to take calcium supplements, you should also eat plenty of calcium-rich food.
To enhance nutrition, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, cut out alcohol and other spicy food.(1) Coix Seed soupCoix Seed 15 ~ 30g sugar amount, Coix seed boiled, put sugar in a bowl a day, spleen Xiaoban achievements.For lupus erythematosus facial erythema.
Astragalus (2) Gorgon the Shenqi simmer pig kidneysThe Gorgon 30g, Codonopsis, astragalus 20g, a pig kidneys, the pig kidneys were cut open to its fascia shamisen drug above washed into the pot, add water decoction Serve.Renal damage in SLE.(3) loofah drinkAn old gourd, sugar amount. Loofah washed, chopped, plus the amount of water, boil for half an hour, standing a moment, to the residue, add sugar can be, when the tea, there are detoxification, Qufeng network effect.For SLE see joint pain, burning swelling, limited mobility, accompanied by fever, thirst, irritability and other.(4) to yellow Zaoren porridgeRehmanniae 30g, Semen 30g rice, 100g, will Suanzaoren add water, crush, juice 100ml, dried rehmannia juice 100ml, add water to cook rice, porridge, porridge would be cooked joined Suanzaoren juice, the Rehmanniae juice, cook until The porridge Serve cooked, 1 day, antipyretic Yangyin.Persistent low-grade fever, spontaneous sweating, heart palpitations, insomnia, joint pain, poor appetite thirst for SLE see.(5) garlic stew blackfishGarlic 100 ~ 150g 400g blackfish, blackfish addition to intestinal mixed, peeled garlic, put the casserole, add water and stew cooked serving, do not add spices, reduction of swelling of the spleen and Water.In SLE see limbs swollen looking Shaohua, pay less, loose stools, urine deficient persons.(6), bright green sprouts juiceThe bright green bean sprouts 500g, sugar to taste. Mung bean sprouts scouring the net with clean gauze wrap, twist to take the juice transferred to sugar, a tea, there are detoxification, dampness role.Applicable in SLE see joint pain, burning, swelling, fever, thirst, irritability, facial redness, visible spot color, subcutaneous purpura.The food according to their feeding habits are reinforcing the Ching Warming three categories. Yin lupus patients, heat, blood heat and hot like the more, the food should be to clear complement, reinforcing the main Participating Warming. Part of the spleen and kidney deficiency, blood loss, people need warming, reinforcing the main Participating Ching.The Ching food turtle, turtles, ducks, a jellyfish, clam, clam, crab, sugar cane, fresh pears, raw lotus, arrowhead, lily, white fungus, watermelon, melon, cedar, tea, etc.;Reinforcing foods are rice, millet, sorghum, yams, soybeans, adzuki beans, white beans, olives, gingko nuts, lotus seeds, peanuts, sesame seeds, rabbits, pigeons, pork, eggs, etc..Warming foods are chicken, geese, cattle, sheep, dogs, horses, milk, dairy products, walnut meat, dried longan meat, orange, chestnut, peach, shrimp, green onions, garlic, leeks, mustard, etc.
Lupus erythematosus patients of diet can be combined with the clinical syndrome in the actual situation of cold and heat, and above the properties of the food, symptomatic selection, but also according to the modern study of human metabolism of material required to allocate food, such as lupus erythematosus patients with more than 50% have significant kidney The damage from the urine protein often a lot of loss caused by hypoproteinemia, edema, causing a lot of pathological changes of the body, it is necessary to replenish sufficient protein.
Complementary protein-based animal quality protein such as milk, eggs, lean meat. Appropriate amount of food, lean meat per day per person not more than 100 grams, not more than two eggs, if the ingestion of excessive, the patient not only can not be completely absorbed, but also increase the burden on the kidney. Nephropathy urinary protein-positive patients, the best Eat or not eat beans and soy products.
From clinical lupus erythematosus energy metabolism disorder occurs in the formation of hypoproteinemia, and some formation of hyperlipidemia, especially when the patient is accompanied by fever, digestive function, it should eat light and easy to digest food, should not eat meat and fish rich in fat.
Against kidney patients, mostly accompanied by edema, a single hormone therapy, will lead to sodium retention, and therefore limit the patient's salt intake, given the low-salt diet, so as not to aggravate symptoms of edema.
The hormone is the drug of choice for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, lupus erythematosus patients with long-term use of hormones, glucose metabolism disorder, and severe cases, the formation of diabetes. Therefore, in patients with long-term heavy use of hormones, to promote the Eat high-sugar foods, limit sugar intake, it is very necessary.
The pathological basis of lupus erythematosus is a systemic vasculitis, increase the permeability of blood vessels, internal organs, inflammation or Raynaud's phenomenon, and to eat more foods containing vitamin C food. Patients with long-term use of hormone therapy can cause calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, bone loss, resulting in osteoporosis, severe cases can cause bone necrosis, usually in addition to the routine to take calcium supplements, you should also eat plenty of calcium-rich food.
